forgotten personalities / Pythagoras-The first who established women in science and his discovery of sounds harmony. Part 2

You can find part 1 here:

https://steemit.com/history/@giosou/pythagoras-forgotten-personalities-part-1

Pythagoras the Samian (585-500 B.C.)

..Each member of the brotherhood swore he would not reveal to the outside world any of the mathematical revelations . This extremely secret nature of the brotherhood was the cause of circulating myths about strange rituals in which they took part in the presence of "Archbishop" Pythagoras. But this may be the reason why there is little information about Pythagoras' achievements. The brotherhood was a religious community and one of the idols that they loved was the numbers because they believed that understanding the relationships between the numbers would reveal secrets of the universe, bringing them close to the gods. Of course, although this fact from a theological point of view seems to be false or paranoid, it has scientifically prompted mathematical science, in which Pythagoras gave an ethos that changed its course. But let us get to know Pythagoras as an INNOVATIVE TEACHER. Pythagoras, after having studied in the then known(to us ) world, with advanced gnosis, arriving from Egypt until Persia and India returned to Samos Island. Inspired by the great and innovative idea of opening a school to teach what he had learned. However, Tiranos Polycrates' policy did not give many chances for that to succeed in this conservative society. Despite difficulties, however, Pythagoras reached the point of paying his first student to initiate him in teaching his theories.

A few weeks later, wanting Pythagoras to check if he achieved his endeavor, he was pretended to have no more money to pay to his student. Then he found that the zeal for learning had developed, since the student offered to pay for the teaching to continue. The first follower of Pythagoras had been created but the policy of Polycrates did not allow the first school founded by Pythagoras on the island named "PYTHAGORIO SEMICYCLE", to develop. So he leaves the island and settled in Cronotos, Italy. There he was fortunate enough to meet the rich, educated and Olympian winner ,Milon who had given him a part of his home where Pythagoras would develop his educational activities and visions for the education and dissemination of the knowledge, phenomenon and property that ONLY THE ANCIENT GREEKS were having, with Pythagoras being a pioneer of the manifestation of such trends.

Pythagoras first made the words philosophy, namely love for knowledge and mathematics. So Pythagoras establishes the brotherhood of 600 fans !!! They created from the understanding of Pythagoras' teaching ,new ideas, proofs and theories. Whosoever wasbecoming a member was depositing to the common treasury all his possessions. When leaving , he was taking double and a monumental column that was writing his name. The analysis of the above proposition betrays vanguards unprecedented for those years. We see an acknowledgment of the teacher's offer (a member of the community) envied even today 2500 years later. But beyond the principles and rules of teaching at 'Pythagoras' school and the moral class that dominates and honors its founder, he (Pythagoras)has more.
As it is known at that time, the position of woman in society was on the sidelines. As for its place in scientific events, talks, learning , there was not a chance. Pythagoras makes the first big, unprecedented opening. He also accepts women as students. One of them, Milon's daughter, THEANO is the favorite of Pythagoras because she stands out for her performance. She could only become his wife despite their age difference. Later, Theano, creates the first group with her 18 women students. The beginning was done. The woman takes a place in the history of the mathematics with THEANO ahead.

Of course, if there were no secrecy in the Pythagorean community, the credits that would be made to Pythagoras would be much larger. When Croton was destroyed, the Sybarites, rivals of the Pythagoreans, killed too many of their members. Those who survived were dispersed throughout the Greek world to continue the work that Pythagoras began. Due to one of them, Philolaos, the Pythagorean philosophy and their achievements is recorded.

Although this biography could end with the above references to the richness of Pythagoras' gifts, ideas and innovations, however, luck in combination with his open mind, reserved to him the glory of creation of musical science with the introduction of mathematics into harmony and the rhythm of sounds. At some point when Pythagoras passes next to a blacksmith, he listens to the hammers beating the iron and produce between them, except for combinations of sounds and a colorful harmony of sounds. For the passersby it meant nothing, but for the witty mind , it meant a research alarm. He goes to the blacksmith and after some time studying the sounds produced, he assumed that in order to produce harmonic sound, more hammers had to be struck while each combination of sound was made by a particular hammer, was creating always noise.

Thus he finds a simple mathematical relationship governing the sounds of the hammers that were "harmonious" to each other. The mass of one formed simple words or fragments with each one of the others. Pythagoras discovered that simple arithmetic reasons were responsible for harmony of music. He applied this new theory to the lyre, studying the properties of a string. With a single stroke the string creates a specific note, a tone that is due to the total length of the pulse chord. By stabilizing the string at specific points along it, different tones are produced. He also made the significant finding that harmonic tones only appear at specific points of the string. Stabilizing e.g. the chord in half length ,produces a tone that is an octave higher than the original one and in harmony with it while stabilizing it at a point where it is not related to its total length does not produce sound harmonious with the rest.

την Ελληνική έκδοση του άρθρου την βρήκα και την μετέφρασα απο εδώ(here is the Greek version of the article which i translated in English) :

http://www.hellinon.net/Pythagoras.htm

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