Countries can earn revenue from their airspaces in several ways, including:
Overflight fees: When an aircraft from another country flies through a country's airspace, the country can charge a fee for using its airspace. These fees can vary based on factors such as the size and weight of the aircraft and the distance it travels through the airspace.
Landing fees: Countries can also charge landing fees for aircraft that land at their airports. These fees can vary depending on the size of the aircraft and the services provided by the airport.
Navigation charges: Countries can charge fees for air traffic control services and navigation aids that are used by aircraft flying through their airspace.
Aviation fuel taxes: Some countries impose taxes on aviation fuel that is used by aircraft flying through their airspace. These taxes can generate revenue for the country.
Lease agreements: Countries can also lease out portions of their airspace to other countries or private companies for various purposes, such as military training exercises or commercial satellite launches.
Overall, revenue from airspace can be an important source of income for countries, particularly those with busy air traffic and well-developed aviation industries.