Labor rights or workers' rights is a law under the Labor and Employment Act, which expresses the rights of workers and the relationship between workers and their employers. In general, this law is the main guarantee for the workers to get salary-allowance, various facilities and safe working environment. One of the purposes of these laws is to keep all workers united. Trade unions negotiate with employers to increase the salaries of their members. Otherwise if the salary is not increased, they change the type of work they do. This labor right can also control workers and make decisions about workers' own affairs. Of course, the views of the workers are also considered with utmost importance. Initially, the workers' movement was started with the aim of uniting all the workers, but now its policy has changed.

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Critics of the labor rights movement claim that improving labor law will increase workers' job opportunities. Critics in the United States have objected to the re-opening of trade unions. Because as a result, the employers of the organization cannot hire any workers outside the workers' union. The "Taft-Hartley Act" then prohibits closed organizations altogether, but allows organizations that are less active in trade unions. Taft-Hartley also passed a new law on workers' right to work, giving workers the right to work in any organization without the influence of any union.

Labor background

From history, the workers thought that this law would go in their favor. In medieval England the peasants declared rebellion to increase their wages and get a suitable working environment. John Ball, one of the leaders of the rebellion, said in a famous speech, "All human beings are equal at birth. When Adam and Eve came to earth, were they gentlemen?" Workers often appealed for their former rights. For example, when the English peasants started a movement, most of their movement was about the traditionally acquired communal lands.

England passed a law in 1833 stating that no child under the age of 9 could work, only 8 hours a day between the ages of 9-13 and 12 hours a day between the ages of 14-18. You can.

A relatively new addition to modern human rights law is labor rights. After the formation of trade unions in the process of industrialization, modern ideas about labor rights emerged from the 19th century. Karl Marx was the first and foremost supporter of workers' rights. His philosophy and economic theories were mainly about workers. He proposed the idea of ​​an economic system in socialism, which is completely ruled by workers. Most of the social movements for workers' rights have been influenced by Marx's theory. Socialists and communists in particular are most influenced by Marx's theory. Many more moderate democratic socialists and social democrats supported Marxism for the rights of workers. Recent laws on workers' rights have focused on reducing the level of exploitation of workers, the role of workers in the development of the country, and the needs of women workers.

The International Labor Organization was formed in 1919 as part of the United Nations to protect workers' rights. The International Labor Organization later became part of the United Nations. The United Nations itself has upheld the rights of workers in two articles of its human rights charter. The Convention on International Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (Articles 6-7) states:

Article 23

1. Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to just and favorable conditions of work and to protection against unemployment.

2. Everyone has the right to equal pay for equal work without discrimination.

3. Everyone who works has the right to a fair and just wage and to be entitled to a fair and equitable settlement with all members of his family.

4. Everyone has the right to join trade unions in order to protect their own interests.

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Article 24
Everyone has the right to work up to a certain amount of time and to rest at regular intervals. Everyone will get their fair salary and allowance during this holiday.
The ILO and other groups are working internationally to create legal rights for workers around the world. At present, various countries are being encouraged to ensure labor rights at the international level through fair trade.

The content of labor rights

In addition to uniting the workers, the labor movement has begun to deal with a wide variety of workers' problems.

Most of the movements have been mainly for realizing the right to work up to a certain period of time daily. In the 19th century, there was a movement to set a time limit of 8 hours a day. Pro-labor groups sought to further reduce working hours. In some lands, they wanted the freedom to work 40 hours a week or less. In 2000, France approved working 35 hours a week. But this reduces the quality of work. The workers then agreed to work with the employer for a longer period. But for this extra work they had to be paid an hourly wage. This extra work is known as overtime. The European Union banned working more than 48 hours, including overtime.

Workers' rights advocates have also worked on child labor. They saw child labor as exploitative, cruel, and economically harmful. As a result of child labor, working children were being deprived of education. First in 1948 and again in 1979, the United Nations declared that children also had the right to social security. [10] In 2006, Massachusetts enacted a new law on child labor. As a result, all minors needed a work permit to work. [11]

Workers' rights activists have been working to improve the work environment. At such a developing time, the United States began to reform the workplace. When Upton Sinclair highlighted this activity in the United States in his novel "Jungle", it received more widespread publicity. The United States is also aware of the devastating fire that engulfed the Triangle Shirtwest factory in 1911 as it sought to reform the workplace. Workers' rights activists often criticize the poor work environment. For example, in factories where workers are paid a nominal wage, they campaign around the world to reduce occupational health risks and improve the work environment.

In recent times there have been many movements for the social rights of the workers. Notable examples include ensuring workers' rights and a safe working environment, preventing human trafficking, and eliminating all forms of child labor. [12] Organizations such as the US State Department and the US Department of Labor conduct research on those products Made lists, which are generated through child labor and human trafficking. Among the organizations that have worked to establish workers' rights internationally are the International Finance Corporation and the Norwegian Agency for Public Management and e-Government (DIFI).

The workers' movement was to ensure that all workers received a certain minimum wage, and they continued to discuss raising the minimum wage. But opponents argued that the new minimum wage law would limit employment opportunities for unskilled and newly joined workers.

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Illegal immigrants cannot complain to the authorities about not receiving their pay and being mistreated. Because it can expel them from work. They also usually worked cheaply to survive in their workplace. As a result, the salaries of others also started decreasing. Similarly, legal migrant workers were also occasionally persecuted. For example, immigrants are the most persecuted in the UAE (including Dubai). Human Rights Watch lists several issues facing workers. Notable among these are non-payment of wages, overtime without wages, unsafe work environment resulting in injury or risk of death, poor and dirty living environment and taking passport and travel documents by the employer etc. [13] The employer confiscated the passports of the migrant workers. Workers could not change jobs or return home without their passports. Although the level of persecution has eased, the situation has improved. [14] Labor and Social Welfare Minister Ali bin Abdullah al-Kabyi has taken steps to ensure a healthy working environment for workers in his country.

The right to equal opportunity for all, irrespective of religion, caste, creed or gender, is also considered by many as one of the rights of workers. Discrimination in the workplace is illegal in many countries. But the biggest problem is considered to be the difference in wages between gender and group.

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