Basic Knowledge in Agriculture #11

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Animal mating involves the union of a male and female animal of the same species, undergoing the process that leads to reproduction.

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What is the primary purpose of animal mating and what benefit is it in the agricultural sector

Primary Purpose of Animal Mating

Animal mating, also known as breeding, is to ensure the continuity of life and existence of the species, with combined genetic traits of the parents and some desirable characteristics passed from one generation to another.

Benefits in the Agricultural Sector

• Increases Productivity: Breeding animals with desirable genetic traits, superior to others, can increase productivity, leading to higher yields and increased profits for the farmer.

• Improves Livestock Quality: Breeding animals with desirable genetic traits can lead to higher growth rates, increased milk production, or higher meat quality. This can be done by carrying out selective breeding programs.

• Disease Resistance: Animals with superior genetic traits can acquire disease resistance characteristics, which will improve animal health and lower the need for antibiotics.

• Genetic Diversity: A proper selective breeding program ensures healthy livestock production, reducing the risk of disease or loss of certain animal species.

• Economic Value: High-quality breeds of animals increase market value and profitability.

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What is Monogamous and Polygamous mating. Give the different types of mating with their examples.

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Monogamous Mating

Monogamous mating involves a male mating with one female, forming a pair bond that can last for a breeding season or a lifetime.
Examples
Wolves, penguins, swans, humans, etc.

Polygamous Mating

Polygamous mating involves one individual mating with multiple partners. Polygamous mating is divided into two main types:

• Polygynous Mating
  This has to do with one male mating with multiple females.
  Examples: Lions, elephant seals, etc.

• Polyandrous Mating
  It involves a female mating with multiple males.
  Examples: Some species of insects and fish.

Types of Mating

Random Mating
Mating is done freely without human intervention or selective breeding programs.

• Examples
  Amphibians, birds, frogs, and fish.

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Inbreeding
Mating occurs between closely related individuals with the purpose of maintaining specific genetic traits.

• Examples
  Purebred dogs and horses.

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Crossbreeding
Mating occurs between individuals of different species with the aim of gaining combined desirable traits.

• Examples
  In poultry - hybrid broilers.

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Outbreeding
Mating is done with unrelated individuals with the aim of preserving genetic diversity.

• Examples
  Breeding local and exotic cattle breeds for high milk and meat production.

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