_ Hello my name is Umar Khayyam, I am from pakistan and I would be entering in this contest called "Challenges in Modern Agriculture" through this post, So lets begin _

_ WHAT IS MODREN AGRICULTURE _

_ The term "Modern Farming" refers to the tools and instrument created through advanced technology and techniques which enhances the quality of the crops and the increases the efficiency and productivity of farmers. It is way more different than traditional farming. _

_ MODREN AGRICULTURE COMPOSED OF _

_ It is the combition of very vast instrument and tools which help the farmer to produce more crops in a lesser time period which is a great thing because of the increasing population of the world. Modren Agriculture consists of _

• _ Use Of Technology _

_ In this phase Gps Data Analytics are used to monitor and optimize harvesting, planting and irrigation _
_ Drones _ _ _ are used to monitor crops 24/7 and they spray anti-pesticides ._ _

• _ Improved Inputs _

_ In this phase Chemical Fertilizers and Pesticides are used to enhance the quality of soil fertility and protect them from pests _

• _ Greenhouse Farming _

_ In this phase the controlled enviroment for growing crops and ensuring there quality and protection from whether and pests is done while optimizing energy. _
_ While this are some of the lesser advantages and applications what I have mentioned here so now lets begin with the questioning and answering. _

• ANSWERING

_ There are many problems which are faced by our farmers nowawadays in which i would i like to mention some of them below :- _

• _ ## 1 :- CLIMATE CHANGE _
  _ (Global Warming) _
• _ ## 2 :- WATER SCARCITY _
  _ (Shortage Of Water) _

• _ 3 :- SOIL DEGRATION _

  _ (Reduction Of Soil Quality) _

• _ 4 :- HIGH INPUT COST _

  _ (Lower Income To Complete Expenses) _

• _ 5 :- MARKET INSTABILITY _

  _ (Volatility Of Market) _

• _ LAND FRAGMENTATION _

  _ (Land Being In Many Small Plot Due To Inheritance OR Low Investment ) _
  _ All of these are some on the Problems faced by farmers. _

Source

_ ANSWERING _

• _ ALTERED WHEATEAR PATTERN _

_ In some areas where there is Extreme Wheatear conditions there is droughts, floods, storms which makes it hard for farmer to decide to plant what type of crops _

_ _In some areas where there is ***Extreme*** Wheatear conditions there is droughts, floods, storms which makes it hard for farmer to decide to plant what type of crops_ _

Source

_ While in some areas there is *Irregular Rain conditions which causes Flooding and makes both of them negatively impact farming. _

• _ RISING TEMPERATURE _

_ Higher tempveryerture has a bery negative effect on crops especially like temperature crops Eg "WHEAT, MAIZE AND RICE"
And life stock also suffer to to extensive heat _

Source

• _ SOIL DEGRATION _

_ Heavy rain can be the cause of soil degration and sweeping away the fertile topsoil and prolonged drought can cause deplete soil moisture and nutrients _

• _ WATER SCARICITY _

_ Reduction in need of water results in precipitation patterns and prolonged dry spells while thee others face extreme rainfall which results in a reduction of water availibility _

&

• _ ECONOMIC IMPACTS _

_ Increased amounts may be incurred by farmers in the increased costs of irrigation, control of pests, and crop protection Crop failure or reduced productivity may also cause losses to farmers. _

_ These are some of the problems that I have disussed which are faced by farmers due to Climate Change. Now lets move to the next question _

_ ANSWERING _

_ Although there are many innovations ad technologies that emerge to help farmers and some them i have mentioned below _

• _ PRECISION AGRICULTURE _

• _ Gps and Gis Mapping | are used for the optimization planting, irrigation and fertilization _
• _ _Soil Sensors monitiers | the quality of soil, its health andm moisture level _ _

• _ _RENEWABLE ENERGY SOLUTION

• _ Bio-Energy Production | The waste from the agriculture is used to make bio-gas and bio-fuels for energy. _

• _ ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION _

• _ Autonomous Machinery | Self driving tractors and harvesters are produced to reduce labour work _
• _ Robotic Weeders and Planters | It does tasks with precision and minimizes input.. _

_ IMPACTS OF THESE INNOVATIONS _

• _ Increase productivity and reduce input costs. _
• _ Achieve sustainable farming practice and conserve resources. _
• _ Better profit and food security for growing population _