The thing is related to our life: Polyester

^{From the waste of plastic we can get polyester fiber}
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^{From the polyester fiber we can get our daily useing cloth}
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Polyester

The word “ester” is the name given to salts formed from the reaction between an alcohol and acid. “Polyester” means many organic salts. Polyester is a man made, synthetic polymer spun in the form of polyester filament or staple fibre. The most commonly polyester filament or staple fibre is usually composed of Polyethylene Terephthalate polymers.

Commercial or Trade name:

Trade name	Country
Dacron	USA
Terylene	UK
Fortrel	USA
Tetoron	Japan
Trivera	Japan
Pentron	Japan
Lambda	USA

Types of polyester:

Polyesters are subdivided into the following types, based upon their chemical structures and abbreviations shown that are used in referring to the fibres:

1. Polyethylene Terephthalate fibre (PET polyester)
2. Poly- 1,4- cyclo hexylene Dimethylene Terephthalate fibres (PCDT polyester fibres)
3. Other types of polyester fibres.

1.PET polyester:
PET is made by the condensation of Terephthalic acid or a derivative such as dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol.

2.PCDT:
PCDT polyester fibres are spun from poly -1,4- cyclo hexylene dimethylene terephthalate made by condensing Terephthalic acid with 1,4- cyclo hexane dimethanol,

Feature of polyester fibre

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• Diameter: 12 µm to 25 µm.

• Appearance: Smooth with round cross-section.

• Moisture regain: 0-0.4% (Hydrophobic for extreme crystallinity).
  Dye used: Disperse, azoic, some pigments are used for dyeing fibre.
  Physical properties:
  1.Tenacity:
  Polyester filaments and staple fibres are strong to very strong because of their extremely crystalline polymer system. The tenacity of polyester filaments or staple fibres remains unchanged when wet because of the completely hydrophobic and extremely crystalline polymer system.

• High tenacity filament 7- 8 gm/ den.

• Normal tenacity filament 4.5-5.0”

• Staple fibre 3.5-4.0”

2.Elastic plastic nature:

Polyester filaments or staple fibres are as plastic as they can be seen from their distortion on repeated stretching and straining. This is entirely due to the Vander Waal’s forces which hold the polyester polymer system together.

• In case of 2% extension.
• Breaking extension 20-30% and
• Elastic recovery 97-100%

3.Hygroscopic nature: Polyester filaments and staple fibre are hydrophobic. The lack of polarity and the extremely crystalline structure of polyester polymers resist the entry of water molecules into the polymer system.
MR%: 0-0.4%.

Chemical properties

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1.Effect of acid:

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The ester groups of the polyester polymers are resistant to acid hydrolysis. This resistance is further increased by the extreme crystallinity of the polyester polymer system which prevents the entry of any acid and water molecules into the filament or staple fibre.
2.Effect of alkali:

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Alkaline conditions during laundering may hydrolyze the polyester polymers at their ester groups. The extreme crystallinity of the polyester polymer restricts the hydrolysis to the surface of the polyester filament or staple fibre.
3.Effect of bleaches:
Normally polyester textile materials do not need to be bleached. If bleaching is required this is done by using Sodium Chlorite.
4.Sunlight: The acid resistance of polyesters protects polyester textile materials from the slightly acidic conditions that occur in polluted atmospheres. The benzene rings of the polyester polymer provide stability to the whole polymer, enabling the polymers to withstand the detrimental effect of the sun’s ultra violet radiation.
5.Dye ability: It is very difficult for dye molecules to penetrate the extremely crystalline polymer system of polyester fibres. Only the relatively small molecules of disperse dyes are used to dye or print polyester fibres.
6.Biological agents: Resistant to moths, mildews, fungus.
7.Solvents: Resistant to all dry cleaning solvents.
8.Flammability: Burn slowly.

Thermal properties

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Thermo plasticity:
‘Thermo plasticity’ means capable of being shaped or moulded when heated. Thermoplastic fibres heated under strictly controlled temperatures to soften and made them to form a flat, creased or pleated configuration. When cooled, thermoplastic fibres will retain the desired configuration.

End use of polyester:

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The polyester fabric has wrinkle free appearance and easy to care in use. It requires little or no ironing, are easy to launder and quick to dry.
I)Apparel use: Men’s, women’s, children’s wear, tropical suiting, blended with cotton, wool, acrylic, nylon etc. for dresses, goods and other purposes.
II) Domestic use: Upholstery, floor covering, carpet etc.
III) Industrial use: High tenacity PET for tire cords, v-belt, ropes, fire hoses, sail cloth, conveyor belts, paper making.