This article is a review of the mechanisms known to explain the diuretic effect of caffeine.
Caffeine inhibits the vasoconstriction mediated by the type 1 adenosine receptor in afferent arteriole increasing the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). This is the mediator of the tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF).
Caffeine inhibits the reabsorption of sodium at the level of the renal proximal tubule.
Caffeine affects the hepatorenal reflex by antagonizing the effect of adenosine in the Mall spaces of the liver and releasing the antidiuretic effect via the nervous system
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I believe that the exact mechanism of the sodium reabsorption inhibition at the level of the proximal tubule has not been completely elucidated yet
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It is being studied although it seems that the NaPi2 (sodium/phosphate cotransporter) may be the main transporter implicated.
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