Back within the half-century, even the tiniest computer of that time occupied the whole house. And today, more powerful computers have pocketed using microchips within the past. But have you ever ever ever wondered how powerful it is often to make a little chip from a home-sized computer?
Is it possible to urge a superb computer? - Will you get a laptop or desktop supercomputing and quite 1,000,000 times to unravel any of the world's most complex scientific problems? Today’s question is, what quiet features help in creating supercomputers in computers? How different could also be an excellent computer from your current computer? allow us to understand all the knowledge related to supercomputing.
What is a super computer?
So, is a computer called a super computer because of some super features? Why is the computer flying? Is the light fence of computer laser due to CPU? Not because of the building with ammunition and cannons? Hey, wait a minute! This is not Super Man, Super Computer!
Simply put, computers can be extremely fast, solve complex scientific problems, or predict the weather, or what the weather will be like in 2050, and tell us what amazing things can be computerized as a supercomputer. Now you may ask, how fast will the computer work?
If my computer has more RAM and more core processors, more GPUs, can I be supercomputing? To fully understand the definition of supercomputer that I have given in “general language”, you must first be aware of certain terms.
IBM's super computer, which runs on two and a half thousand processors
See, today before entering the main question we need to know what is a computer? It is basically a machine that completes any simple task. It first takes an input to the input (data), then processes them manually, and finally, an output result appears in front of you.
In fact, supercomputers say there should be a giant computer here, or it might be able to fly a few million miles faster than your average computer, but it didn't
Serial and parallel processing
A simple computer can perform one task at a time, such as to complete a task, it provides the output of the task by completing one task after another. And this is called serial processing.
In fact, your computer can complete millions of orders per second, in which case you have a real-time serial no matter what you do. Let’s try to make the point clearer with a beautiful example. Imagine a typical shopkeeper, you go to his shop and ask him to pack 1 kg of flour now - he will first get up from his seat, then go to the rack to put the packet of flour, bring a packet of flour, count the cash in the drawer you are giving day leave now See how quickly he got up from his seat or how he brought flour from the rack and gave it to you. This is not the main problem.
No matter how quickly he rescues you, he is doing you one thing at a time and serving you one by one. Thus, ordinary computers complete the task.
But today's modern supercomputers work using completely different methods. It divides the work into several parts and processes them simultaneously and this system is called parallel processing. Suppose you go to a store and buy 1 kg of flour, 1 liter of oil, and 1 kg of sugar. Now suppose there are 3 people in the shop to help the shopkeeper. Then all you can do is choose a different job to deliver what you want. Someone will bring sugar, someone will bring oil and someone will supply flour and at the same time, you will be able to clear the matter of money transaction with the shopkeeper.
Again everyone brings different things at the same time but all are coming together with you. That way, if you don’t want to buy anything in the store, lots of people work there, at the same time, all the work can be done very quickly. And it’s parallel processing, theoretically, our brains also work in parallel processes. At the same time, you are reading this article, and at the same time, your brain will further enhance the internal activities of your body.
Why parallel processing supercomputing?
Parallel computing system
The computer does not need to be so efficient for our daily work. Your computer requires very little processing power to browse, email or type on the Internet. However, if you want to do a lot of complex work like changing the color of a large resolution digital photo, your computer needs to do a lot of processing, sometimes it can take a few minutes to complete. But you need a faster processor, dedicated GPU and more memory (RAM) or your system will work slower. If you double your memory, the processor and your computer will start working dramatically. But how fast? There are also speed limitations - a processor can only work once.
Now suppose you are a scientist and you work in a meteorological office. You need to work together for weather forecasting, new cancer drug testing and climate models by 2050. To do this you can now upgrade your PC processor and more memory, although it will work faster than before, but it has its limitations.
But if your work is split into one piece and each piece is worked with different processors, it means that the parallel processing is done, then your work will be possible faster and more efficiently than before.
Parallel computing
Supercomputers require supercomputing to create multiple processors at once - so that they can do a lot of work together in parallel. The fastest computer of the year is called The Sunway Titlelight. It has a 64-bit 40,960 multi-processor and 256 processing cores on each processor chip. That is, this whole computer has 10,649,600 processors !!!
Parallel computing is a standard system for supercomputing, but parallel computing has some serious problems. Going back to the example of the store, but this time I will take an example of the supermarket. Suppose you went to the supermarket with some friends to buy some things.
Now if you send your friend to different counters to pick some things, your things will be bought in less time, and all the things will be collected to you after purchase. In this method, the supercomputer completes the task with the help of different processors and then collects the pieces together to give the output.
However, if a task becomes too large, the processor sends the pieces, and at the end of the task, it becomes very difficult for the computer to assemble all the pieces. . However, in order to process this management system, a lot of processing power is required, which can overload the process. As the Task Manager for Windows OS, it basically displays the processing of all programs, but it also requires some processing power to display them.
You can finish your shopping in a very short time by sending your friends to different counters, but it will be too late to pay. Imagine that you come together to buy a few million things and 50,000 friends collect things from different counters. If you were shopping at the counter anytime, the problem of cash pay would have ended up at one counter, but the problem was split into 50,000 problems due to shopping at different counters.
Now your computer will separate all these processes and send them to different processors for processing. If you use this process, all processing will be done at once. However, each processor will process different weather forecasts in different countries to process different processors in different countries. The weather in different countries of the world may be completely different than other countries. As a result, one processor will have to wait until the other processor is finished, and one will need the help of another processor to solve the problem. Some computers require super parallel work and some serial processing.
Super computing
Type-type
Source
Grid super computer
Many complex tasks can be accomplished by running parallel processing by building thousands of processors, RAM, and GPUs in huge boxes and creating supercomputers. Or if you want to be able to connect multiple fast LANs (local area network) in the same room with only multiple PCs in the same room, you can create a super computer. Google uses such computers to provide search results for its users.
Another type of supercomputer is called a grid - it is very similar to a cluster, but different computers are located in different parts of the world and are connected to each other. This is an example of distributed computing, where computers from different parts of the world work together on a network. This can be called virtual super computing. Different universities or research centers around the world connect their computers to each other to create grid supercomputers. Not every computer on the grid works the same way or needs them, but together they create a powerful computing system.
Manage
Cluster supercomputers are put together in a large space and sometimes it can be 3-4 footballs. And this giant-sized computer needs a lot of electricity to turn on, this amount of electricity can run thousands of homes. It costs millions of dollars to run a super computer using so much electricity.
Again supercomputers generate a lot of heat, when electricity flows through the wires, when electricity flows through the wires, it also produces thermal energy. And for this, your ordinary computer also needs a cooling system. However, it is not possible for ordinary fans to be cool with these huge computers.
Today's modern supercomputers work just as refrigerators are cooled by liquids. It consumes a lot of electricity to operate this cooling system, secondly, it is also a hammer for the environment.
Which computer is super computer?
As already mentioned, a computer is a machine that can do all the general work (of course practically)) You can run your computer using your computer's operating system such as Windows if you want! However, most supercomputers run on a Linux-based operating system.
These operating systems are highly customized, which means they are only made with certain features. Since supercomputers are primarily used to solve a variety of scientific problems, what other features do you need?
Super computing useful?
As a computer, all common work is a machine so that you can browse the Internet, send mail, edit photos, edit videos, gaming, and even read articles from technology centers from technology centers through a super computer. You need to run different programs on your system to do this just like your computer. For example, you need different applications (apps) to do different things on your Android or iPhone, but it is a computer program, but what a difference!
These computers are not currently working on supercomputers. It is used to solve complex mathematical problems, to solve scientific problems, to test nuclear intelligence, for weather forecasting, climate change, and intensification. But theoretically, all the work can be done by a super computer, it is your normal computer.
How powerful is the super computer?
Ordinary computers have the ability to work in MPS or issue millions of commands per second. This indicates that the system can process various commands (read, write, data store) to complete any task.
MIPS makes it easy to compare between two processors, which is known to be as powerful as the processors in MIPS. We usually know this as the speed of the processor which is usually expressed as GHz
However, the power of working on a supercomputer is expressed separately. Since these computers are used for scientific purposes, their power is calculated as the floating-point operation of FLPS per second. This is an effective way to calculate the effective power of a computer. For small example
Imagine, you are watching a football match, you see the player present with the ball with the first player, he passes the ball to 2 players on the field, the 3rd player passes the ball to the goal of the 2nd player - and the player hits the ball 3 hits. So, there are 3 more goals through the hits of different players. Now, MIPS means to hit a ball to complete a ball and to hit the ball to hit the ball.
And FLPS means the team has scored a total of runs. That is, how many millions of commands a processor should follow per second, it expresses MIP and how many tasks are completed per second, it expresses FLP.