SIZ EDUCATION | Turing Test in Artificial Intelligence | 20% Beneficiary To @siz-official

Greetings everyone! I wanted to tell you about a technique or a test which is commonly known as the Turing Test. We all know that many different people and experts have contributed in different ways to Artificial Intelligence, and I wanted to talk about this particular contribution by Alan Turing in 1950 which I find very interesting.

Alan Turing put forth the question "Can machines think?", and he came up with a method or a technique which is known as the Turing Test, this test is also based on "Imitation Game". Turing proposed that if machines would be able to act, think and behave in a humanly way, then they can be considered as part of Artificial Intelligence machines. This test decides if a machine is capable of thinking like we humans do or not, and based on the results, it is concluded whether or not it is intelligent.

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This test has three parts or you can say three subject areas, one is a person who asks different questions, the other two are the machine to be tested, and another human. The questioner or the interrogator asks questions from the two and each of these subject areas is separated from one another, and the conversation is only limited to the computer's keyboard and screen so that they is no way the machine can use its ability to render words into speech. The questioner although knows that the subjects who are being questioned include a machine too, and so after several questions, the questioner evaluates, decides, or concludes if he/she was able to distinguish between the subjects. If he/she fails to do so, then the machine is said to be intelligent and it can think and act as humans do.

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To make it even harder, the machine also tries everything it can to make it difficult for the questioner to distinguish between the machine and the human. And it does not matter if the answers to those questions are right or wrong, what only matters are the responses, given by both the subjects. After a few tests, it can be determined if the machine has the ability to make its identity unknown and leave no difference between itself and the human.

Although many chatbots such as ELIZA and Parry managed to pass the Turing Test easily, there were still many critics on the idea that Turing proposed that machines can actually think likes humans. Among them is a famous critic John Searle who in 1980 gave the argument of the Chinese Room. He proposed that any computer or a machine can be programmed to understand a language, however, this does not imply if the computer has a real understanding of that particular language. He also argued that the chatbots (ELIZA and Parry) who passed the test successfully don't have any real understanding and thinking as a human brain does, and they passed the test just by manipulating different keywords and symbols.

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He explained his argument by considering that a person who does not know the Chinese language is in a room and there is a computer program that knows and understands the language and can answer Chinese questions with appropriate responses. Since that person does not know anything about the language itself, and since he has no knowledge about the language he just manipulates the Chinese characters (similar to what a computer does according to John Searle) using the computer program to send out different Chinese questions which are received by people who know the language, and they feel that they are talking to someone who knows this language. However, according to John Searle, no real thinking is happening here and only a set of manuals or rules are being followed, and hence the machines who passed the Turing Test can not be considered intelligent. And due to this argument, there have been many controversies over this and many critics have responded critically against this argument.

I hope you find this interesting and I hope it was worth a read. Thank you.

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