Harappa is a city on the left bank of the Ravi river in Pakistan's Punjab province's Montgomery district, while Mohenjodaro is a city on the right bank of the Indus river in Pakistan's Sindh province's Larkana district, spread over an area of about 5 km. The Harappan civilization considers Mohenjodaro to be a district. The Indus Valley Civilization refers to the entire area.
There are several ancient citadels of Indus Valley Civilization have been found. So far, about 1,000 locations of this civilization have been detected in the Indian subcontinent. It is now called the Sandhava civilization.
This city is thought to have been established in 2600 BC, or 4616 years ago. According to some historians, this civilization flourished between 2700 and 2800 BC. It is thought to be up to 1900 BC. ‘Sindh ka Bang' is the name given to the city of Harappa, Mohenjodaro. The Dravidians, according to scholars, were the founders of the Harappan civilization.
Mohenjodaro discovered signs of cotton cloth use, indicating that he was aware of cotton cultivation. The Harappans are credited with being the first to cultivate cotton, according to historians. The Harappan civilization's Mojodaro yielded the remains of a piece of cloth, a silver vase lid, and a few other copper artefacts. People in this area also knew how to play chess and used iron, implying that they were familiar with the material.
The seals collected here are considered the best objects. Copper seals were discovered during the excavation of Harappa. The language of this area had a pictorial script. The elephant, rhinoceros, tiger, and bull are among the animals depicted on the coin.
The Harappan civilization's most prominent archaeological site is Mohenjodaro. Annagar is the name of Mohenjodaro's largest structure. The Harappan people used the grid system for laying out their cities' buildings. There are signs of large homes, wide roads, and numerous wells. There are also drains for water and waste drainage visible. This demonstrates that these cities were just as built and beautiful as today's cities. The city was estimated to be 200 hectares in size. The Harappan civilization's entire territory is triangular in form, including Mohenjodaro.
The most important feature of Mohenjodaro is its spacious bathrooms. 20 pillars support the spacious hall adjacent to the spacious bathrooms. A pond with a depth of eight feet, a width of 23 feet, and a length of 30 feet is also present. It's also made of water-resistant bricks. It's thought to have been used for bathing. A sheet of charcoal was placed on the gypsum bricks over the bricks to prevent water leakage in the massive bath from Mohenjodaro, demonstrating that they were also aware of charcoal. This city's parks and streets can still be explored. Even today, the walls and roads here are very solid.
The ancient city of Mohenjodaro, which is thought to be the world's oldest urban structure, is in jeopardy of being demolished.
This settlement, nearly 4,000 years old and located on the banks of the Indus River in Sindh Pratt, Pakistan, was only discovered 100 years ago.
It was the capital of the Indus Valley Civilization, which is one of the world's oldest civilizations. Mohenjodaro means "dead mound."
Mohenjodaro was a beautifully built city with all of the modern conveniences. The bathrooms and toilets in the houses constructed here were made of paved bricks.
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There were drains for drainage that were bricked over. Previously, these drains ran through the centre of the lane.
One of the many precious items discovered at Mohenjodaro that stands out in my mind is a bronze statue of a girl that stands 10 cm tall.
This idol of a man-made girl with a hand on her waist reflects not only the people of the Indus Civilization Valley's metallurgy, but also the architecture, culture, and women of the time.
Mohenjodaro has been added to the UNESCO World Heritage List because of its archaeological significance.
However, the circumstances were very disappointing to me. Tourism is not a priority for the government. Authorities are involved.
In many ways, walking in this city was a great experience. A massive brick building with roads could be seen clearly.
This Indus Valley Civilization city is thought to have housed 35,000 inhabitants. Only a small portion of it has been excavated, which is important.
A substantial portion of it is currently being demolished. The foundations of the walls are shifting.
The bricks are being weakened by the salinity in the ground water, which is causing the divisions to fall apart.
Before it fell, this brick had been left for thousands of years. Also today, however, it is a remarkable place. There was no guide present on the day I visited Mohenjodaro. There was no postcard attached to this place, and no souvenirs or books were for sale.
There were only two gun-toting police officers who seemed to be only interested in international visitors' passports. Some archaeologists conclude that this site will vanish in two decades, according to people around me.
I've heard that the Indus Civilization Valley was destroyed due to a variety of factors such as genocide, flood, and disease, but today it is being ravaged due to carelessness and a lack of focus.