Maharaja Aurangzeb, commonly known as Aurangzeb Alamgir, was the sixth Mughal emperor who ruled from 1658 to 1707. He was born on October 24, 1618, and was the third son of Emperor Shah Jahan.
Aurangzeb's reign is marked by a significant expansion of the Mughal Empire, particularly in the Deccan region of southern India. He was known for his strict adherence to Islamic orthodoxy, which led him to impose several policies that were perceived as repressive, such as the jizya tax on non-Muslims and the destruction of Hindu temples.
One of the most notable events during Aurangzeb's rule was the imprisonment of his father, Shah Jahan, and his seizure of the throne in 1658 after a war of succession with his brothers. This event is often cited as a turning point in Mughal history, as it marked a departure from the extravagant and opulent lifestyle of previous emperors.
Aurangzeb's reign saw a prolonged and costly war in the Deccan against the Marathas, which strained the empire's resources. He faced challenges from various regional powers and dealt with revolts in different parts of his empire.
Aurangzeb passed away on March 3, 1707, leaving behind a vastly expanded yet financially weakened empire. His strict policies and prolonged military campaigns contributed to the gradual decline of the Mughal dynasty.
It's worth noting that Aurangzeb's legacy is a subject of historical debate, with differing opinions on his effectiveness as a ruler and the long-term impact of his policies on the Mughal Empire.