Mental disability

Mental disability :

Mental disability resulting from a defect in the upper functions of the brain such as concentration, counting, memory, communication with others, etc., which results in learning disabilities, learning difficulties or impaired behavior and general behavior of the individual, and falls under the concept of mental disability (mental retardation - learning difficulties - autism disorder).

Psychologists, special education scientists, psychiatrists and others differ in determining the causes of mental disability, with most research and studies indicating that the causes vary among genetics, injuries, physical factors, brain diseases, disorders in endocrine secretion, malnutrition, pregnancy and childbirth disorders, environmental factors and the psychological state of the mother during pregnancy,

Symptoms of mental disability :

The symptoms that appear on the child vary depending on the level of disability, some children are late in walking or sitting than other children and some lack the ability to think logically or understand the consequences of his actions, and some specific physical characteristics such as short stature or facial deformities may appear, there are other symptoms include

Low level of education and intellectual education

Sit, crawl or walk at a later age compared to other children

Problems learning to speak or having difficulty speaking clearly

Memory problems

Inability to understand and visualize the consequences of the things they do

Inability to think logically and draw judgments from the situations in which they live

Types of mental disability :

Mental disability occurs when there are problems that prevent the development of the brain well, and this leads to the inability to perform its intellectual and adaptive functions within the normal range, and the types of mental disability are as follows :

· Mild mental disability: Symptoms of this type of mental disability include that children with it take longer to learn to talk, but they can communicate well when they learn it, and these children are independent by taking care of themselves when they grow up, having some problems reading and writing, social delay, having difficulty taking on responsibilities such as marriage and taking on the responsibilities of parents.

· Moderate mental disability: A symptom of this type of mental disability is a slow understanding and use of language, communication difficulties, but they can learn to read, write and count, these people cannot live independently, can move or go to places familiar to them without assistance, and participate in social activities.

· Severe mental disability: Symptoms of this type of mental disability include severe and noticeable impaired motor abilities and severe delays in the development of their central nervous system.

· Deep mental disability: This includes a range of symptoms, including inability to comply or understand commands and demands, urinary incontinence, rudimentary non-verbal communication abilities, and inability to take care of themselves without continued assistance.

· Other mental disabilities: Most people in this group either suffer from physical disabilities, such as hearing loss, do not communicate by speaking, or suffer from other physical disabilities.

Causes of mental disability :

Model 1 :

Genetic causes :

Genetic factors, non-genetic factors

Development reasons :

Infection and poisoning during pregnancy

Acquired causes :

Preterm infants, trauma, social and cultural factors

Model 2 :

Biomedical factors :

Genetic and genetic factors

Social factors :

Factors associated with unhealthy social or family relationships

Behavioral factors :

Factors associated with the mother's risk behaviors: injuries, drug use and poisoning

Educational factors :

Factors related to education and motivation options that help mental development and adjustment skills.

Model 3 :

When does intellectual disability develop ?

Developmental intellectual disability can develop in 3 stages of a person's life :

Prenatal :

In the prenatal stage, the fetus may develop a developmental mental disability due to the following factors :

· Genetic factors: genetic and non-genetic

· Maternal diseases

· Infection

· Injuries

· Poisoning

· Exposure to radiation

· Long hunger

· Inappropriate mother's and fetal blood

During childbirth :

At the birth stage, a child may develop a developmental mental disability due to the following factors :

· Umbilical cord prolapse

· Very difficult birth

· Preterm infants

During life :

During their lifetime, a child may develop a developmental mental disability due to the following factors :

· Diseases

· Accidents

· Poisoning

· Malnutrition

· Emotional, social and cultural deprivation.