My introduction
My name is Sheraz Ahmad. I used to work on Steemit before. My account was created in July 2021 and I also have Achievement One approved in the Newcomer's Community. But for some reason I left Steemit. Now my brother Aftab @dev-pro has invited me to come back to Steemit, so I came back to Steemit.Now I will make a good post on Steemit, God willing.
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Greetings, Steemians,
It is with great excitement that I share with you my participation in the second week of the Steemit Learning Challenge Season 22. For this week, I will tackle two important components of electrical engineering: Electrical Earthing and Motor Control Circuits. These systems are very critical in safety and efficiency in the day to day operations at home, office and even in industries. Let’s go more in details of these concepts.
What Is Electrical Earthing, Grounding?
Grounding or earthing is one of the technologies for safety in any establishment that rely on electricity. Its purpose is to ensure that any excess, or fault current is safely channeled, through the ground so as to prevent electric shock, equipment damage, and fires.
What is the role of Earthing?
Electric Shock Comforts: This reduces injuries by providing an electrically safe path for stray current to flow.
Reduces Damage During Surges: It protects devices from surges by rerouting excess current.
Enables Consistency of System: Decreases changes in voltage in electrical systems.
Types of Earthing Systems
- Neutral Safety Earthing
This type of earthing attaches the neutral wire to the earth directly. It is widely used in a household electrical system to safeguard the electrical system against fault currents. For example, if a live wire contacts a neutral wire due to insulation failure, neutral safety earthing dissipates the current in a safe manner.
- Body Earthing
Have you seen the metallic covering of heavy electrical appliances such as washing machines and air conditioners? These casings are earthed to prevent the users from receiving electric shocks. Therefore, if a live wire happens to touch the casing of a body earthing, the electric current will be discharged into the earth so as to avoid damage.
- Lightning Arrester Earthing
While storms rage, lightning produces a large voltage that is quite dangerous. When installed on top of buildings or towers, permanent magnet brushless DC motors direct overvoltage surges caused by lightning to the earth enhancing protection for electrical equipment.
Arguments Regarding Earthing Method
- Rod Earthing
What it is: At its simplest, it consists of embedding a vertical metal rod or pipe (copper or galvanized iron) in the soil in such a way that it contacts the soil below.
Where it’s used: Houses and tiny offices.
Advantages: Cheap and simple to construct.
Pro Tip: It is recommended to periodically measure the moisture content of the soil around the rod.
- Plate Earthing
What it is: It features a flat copper metal plate positioned horizontally and placed in moist soil which is buried beneath it.
Where it’s used: Smaller manufacturing units and other residential parts located where higher load management is needed.
Advantages: For reasons that will be explained later a plate elevates the area of the metal in the ground that is capable of dissipating heat generated by the flowing current over that of a rod earthing.
- Pipe Earthing
What it is: This is an Echuca process where a perforated pipe is embedded in the ground and charcoals and salt are filled into it to increase its conductivity.
Where it’s used: Industrial usages that need the current to flow without hindrance.
Advantages: Most useful in places where the soil resistivity is high.
- Boarding Earthing
What it is: It calls for deeper boreholes with copper cables for connecting which are required by high-load systems.
Where it’s used: Industrialized units and substations.
Advantages: Help to prevent damage from large fault currents.
Motor Control Circuits: Maintenance of System Motion
A motor control circuit consists of all the circuits which are concerned with starting, stopping, and reversing the motion of the motor and also the circuits that safeguard the motors from damage. Motors are widely used in industries and homes, thus control circuits are needed for proper functioning of most devices.
What Motor Control Circuits Provide?
Protection of a Motor from Damage: Cut off the power supply prevent overheating and protect against overload.
Energy Efficiency: Adds value to motors by providing ability to work effectively when the load changes.
Ease of Use: Creates a motor head, which can be turned on and off and rotated in either direction with minimal effort to the user.
Popular Types of Motor Starters
DOL (Direct-On-Line) Starter
- Purpose: Best suited for small motors which doesn't have higher starting torque requirement.
- How it works: It connects the motor to the supply through few components.
- Applications: Fans, small pumps, and compressors.
Star Delta Starter
- Purpose: Helps to reduce the high starting current of large motors.
- How it works: First connects some of the motor windings in a star configuration, then switches them into delta as the motor approaches its running speed.
- Applications: Motors of rating greater than to 5 kW in industries.
Forward-Reverse Starter
- Purpose: Makes it possible for the motor to rotate in reversible directions both clockwise and counterclockwise.
- How it works: Reverses motor polarity using contactors which are of different circuit.
- Applications: Conveyor belts, cranes, and elevators.
Key Components in Motor Control Circuits
Start and Stop Buttons – These components allow for the motors to be operated manually.
Magnetic Contactors – Performs a function of a switch which is used to connect and disconnect power supply.
Overload Relays – The overload relays enable the protection of the motor from overheating by switching it off during when overcurrent occurs.
Timers and Auxiliary Contacts – Are helpful in performing the functions like automatic switching of the configurations of star-delta starters.
Homework Tasks
In order to make this learning challenge more interactive and practical there are a number of activities that you can participate in:
Importance of Earthing: Explain the contribution of earthing to your local electrical systems and give examples.
Difference Between Earthing and Neutral: Emphasize the difference between the two with applications.
Earthing at Home: Describe the earthing types that appliances in your home or work place use.
Create a Control Circuit: Submit a sketch and explanation of a motor control circuit which is different in design from others. Pictures or videos are welcome!
Practical Earthing Setup: Try to set up rod or pipe earthing for a small system and take photographs for each step.
Final Thoughts
As I gather my thoughts, I realize that my involvement in Steemit Learning Challenge enabled me to gain insight on these concepts. Be it the earthing protection system or be it the control circuitry of motors, these systems are well integrated in the electrical engineering practice. I hope this post encourages you to explore new concepts and contribute them to the community.
Best wishes,
@dev-pro
@naeem55
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@mahadisalim
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