Essa pergunta é clássica quando o papo é política. Afinal, qual deve ser o tamanho do mamute? Um ratinho ou um megalodonte? Depende, se você quiser que ele te coma ele deve ser um megalodonte, já se você quiser manter ele sob controle, ele deve ser um ratinho. Pronto, respondido o tópico.
Mas ironias à parte, pra responder essa pergunta temos que passar um pouco pela definição de Estado, porque ele é necessário e pra que ele serve.
Pra mim o Estado é uma instituição de poder delegado. Os indivíduos concordam em abrir mão de uma parte de suas liberdades e poderes, e as delegam para o Estado. E porque uma pessoa abriria mão de sua liberdade e poder em primeiro lugar? Isso parece esquisito e não ter muita lógica à primeira análise.
Mas pra responder isso é simples. Imagina que você está em uma sala de aula, e tem um fortão lá que ninguém tem nem coragem de criticar ele sobre nada porque o bicho é capaz de matar um só com um sopro de tão fortão que é. Até aí tudo bem, é só não provocar o bicho pra que ele não vire uma fera ferida. Mas a coisa não é tão simples assim, nem todo fortão é bom e regulado da cabeça. Tem uns que são além de fortões, doidões, psicopatas, sem empatia nem consideração alguma pelo próximo. Então eles atropelam mesmo os direitos alheios, e até se divertem com isso.
Então diante desse cenário do fortão malucão, o que fazer? É quando o resto da turma toda se reúne, e fazem um acordo entre eles pra andar sempre juntos, fazer tudo em turma. Quando o fortão vier tirar onda com um deles, todos os outros tomam as dores e entram na porrada com o fortão. Ou seja, criou-se um fortão alternativo, um rival formado pela coletividade de todos os demais que passam a agir em sincronia e em bando contra o fortão malucão tirano.
Mas isso não veio de graça. Obviamente agora cada indivíduo não é mais 100% dono da sua própria vida e das suas atitudes, mas está obrigado pelo grupo a entrar na luta com o fortão sempre que alguém estiver em perigo. Caso não faça isso, ficará à mercê das arbitrariedades do fortão. Então ele perde uma parte da sua liberdade, “vende” a sua liberdade em troca da contrapartida que é a proteção.
Essa coletividade, que não existe individualmente, mas existe como princípio e ideia, e a intensão é proteger os mais fracos e oprimidos pela arbitrariedade do terrorismo do medo, poderíamos chamar de Estado. Então ele é a organização que mantém o monopólio do uso da força. Sempre que alguém quiser resolver algo baseado na força, o Estado interfere segundo suas leis e princípios. Ou seja, o próprio Estado agora é o fortão, o maior de todos os fortões. A coletividade criou o maior de todos os fortões, o Estado. E nenhum outro fortão consegue agora ser mais forte que ele.
Até aí tudo bem. Até que você percebe que esse fortão criado pela coletividade e que monopoliza o uso da força “em prol dela”, também é feito e gerido por seres humanos. E se mal gerido, esse fortão pode ser tão prejudicial aos indivíduos quanto o fortão original que justificou a sua origem.
Em resumo e sem querer me alongar muito, até porque esse assunto é infinito. Mas o que quero passar é que o Estado é sim necessário para evitar arbitrariedades. Mas quando ele cresce demais e concentra poder demais, em vez de ser uma solução, ele mesmo passa a ser o problema. Então defendo sim que o Estado é necessário, mas deve ser tão pequeno quanto se consiga fazê-lo. Deve se restringir àquilo que a iniciativa privada não consegue exercer de forma satisfatória e imparcial. Ou seja, o Estado deve ser maximamente mínimo.
https://twitter.com/liberalismobr/status/895034249455308802
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Pois é, Estado é algo necessário, porém, tanto o excesso dele quanto o excesso de tudo é algo prejudicial á nossa vida. Se o Estado diminuir muito, seremos engolidos pela iniciativa privada, onde geralmente psicopatas, narcisistas perversos que não possuem empatia chegam ao poder e ferem os outros como um espelho de sua vida. Se o Estado crescer muito, outro tipo de poder irá ferir as pessoas. Ou seja, onde há muita concentração de poder, há maldades, pois, geralmente, pessoas que gostam de poder possui pouca ou nenhuma empatia pelos outros.
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O poder corrompe, e o poder absoluto corrompe absolutamente. Por isso o Estado é um mal necessário, e a nossa luta diária é fazer com que ele seja mais necessário que mal.
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O tamanho talvez não seja o grande problema, mas sim sua eficacia nos serviços. Ex: temos um judiciario que custa mais de 2% do nosso pib, enquanto em países onde o custo do judiciario representa menos de 1%, conseguem ser muito mais eficientes que o nosso.
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Sim, com certeza se o Estado conseguir ser tão eficiente quanto a iniciativa privada ele justificaria a sua existência. O problema é isso acontecer, porque em todos os lugares do mundo onde o Estado compete de igual pra igual com o setor privado, sem nenhum monopólio Estatal, ele acaba por ficar pra trás.
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O melhor tamanho do Estado é aquele inversamente proporcional ao universo, diminuto e sempre diminuindo cada vez mais.
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É isso aí. Pra ter a fera sob controle devemos mantê-la em um tamanho controlável.
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hi friend do you can i desperately need your help please me, if you are kind but i you are a kind person
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Minha impressão é que, quanto mais se estuda o estado, menos você acredita que as pessoas podem realmente achar uma boa ideia tê-lo regendo a sociedade... Não faz sentido.
Quer dizer... só faz sentido se pensarmos em uma sociedade que simplesmente não sabe o que está acontecendo, somos educados a não compreender completamente a lógica do estado, ou melhor, a não se preocupar com isso, a não querer saber a respeito disso: por que política economia, estado, etc, são coisas chatas...
Não é fácil.
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