WHAT ARE THE CAUSES OF MARASMUS?HOME REMADY.

MARASMUS.

This is a Greek word that means “DYING AWAY”. This is one of the severe forms of malnutrition that occur due to early weaning followed by inadequate feeding with diluted cow's milk, it leads to wasting of body muscles or loss of body fats hence, the diet becomes deficient both in calories as well as proteins form. The child with affected can not grow usually as a normal child grow The child looks emaciated i.e. he lives on his own meat.

WHAT ARE THE CAUSES OF MARASMUS?

As we have already discussed above there are a lot of causes like protein, carbohydrates, and others minerals deficiency, vitamin deficiency, and some kind of infection e.g. bacterial and viral, etc. But besides these, there are also some causes which may lead to cause Marasmus in children they are as below

1. Famine
2. Fasting.
3. Poverty.
4. Starvation
5. Crop Failure.
6. Anorexia Nervosa
7. Coma and Stroke. in this case children cannot eat and drink so lead to marasmus
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WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF MUSEUMS

1. Irritability.
2. Lack of Energy.
3. Immune deficiency.
4. There is no edema.
5. The hair is thin and dry
6. Loss of subcutaneous fats
7. Reduction of the Muscle mass
8. Chronic diarrhea is very common
9. Shrinkage of the vital organs like heart and lungs
10. Other infections (T.B. etc.) are also present frequently.
11. Very low body weight so he/she feel dizziness and vertigo
    all these results from gross lack of calories for a logged period along with shortage of protein and other nutrients. it is most common in infants and children below 15 months supplying good quality proteins in diet that is egg, milk, and fish can prevent it. during the weaning period, good quality proteins must be added to their diets.

HOW TO PREVENT PREVENTION...?

1. Children require balanced nutritional food at the appropriate times. 2. Mothers should be encouraged to breastfeed till weaning.
2. Children should be encouraged to wean properly.
3. Vaccination is critical because it protects against deadly diseases such as measles, tuberculosis, and whooping cough.
4. Parents should be encouraged to use family planning techniques.
5. A thorough examination is required to detect any flaws or diseases that may be present. Proper Immunization of children to prevent infections

KWASHIORKOR

This is another form of Protein Energy Malnutrition that is said to be a very severe one. This occurs when after prolonged breastfeeding child is weaned on a low protein diet. This is a severe clinical condition due to deficiency of proteins along with another amount of calories case p but CHO Supply 1s inadequate.
This condition is most commonly occurs in children aged one to three years.
Supplying quality proteins in a diet that is egg, milk, and fish can prevent it. During the weaning period, good-quality proteins must be added to their diets.

WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF MARASMUS

1. Child is about two years old and looks apathetic and lethargic.
2. There is generalized edema with skin pigmentation and thickening on buttocks, inner thighs, and perineum. Latter cracks also appear.
3. The hair is dry, thin, and straight. Their color changes to reddish or yellow.
4. A pale band in long hair may be apparent (tag sign)
5. Abdomen 1s protuberant (Potbelly) due to hepatomegaly and ascites.
6. Moon-like face i.e. swollen round face.
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INVESTIGATIONS

1. Blood examination shows anemia, but blood hematocrit may be high due to dehydration.
2. Electrolyte disturbance is common.
3. Blood is also examined for a malarial parasite.
4. Biochemical test of blood shows low plasma insulin and high cortisol levels, i.e. opposite to Marasmus.
5. Stools are examined for worm infestation.
6. Chest X-ray 1s done to find tuberculosis.
   Marasmus Kwashiorkor.
   In this case, a child is thin and wasted. He is edematous. It is a severe form of PEM.

HOW TO TREAT

The patient is treated accordingly mostly it's seen based on observation so if he/she is having hypoglycemia (low level of glucose or sugar) treated first the glucose level, in case of hypothermia ( low temperature then normal )treated first. If he/she is some kind of infection e.g. bacterial or viral etc. treated and the same case is with electrolyte imbalances. electrolytes imbalance can be balanced through providing calcium, potassium, etc. in different forms
For better, we will need to carry out this three-phase.
(i) Resuscitation Phase.

In this phase water and electrolyte balance is corrected. For best to carry out Dried skimmed milk is the food of choice to start with, by providing this kind of mil
the child shows improvement day by day and becomes normal like others children with the passage of time flour, butter, pulses, egg fish, and cereal are added according.

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(ii) Re.feeding Phase.

If we talk about protein these are very highly complex substances in Basic principle is to give 3-4 Gm./Kg/day of proteins which should provide 150 K.cal./ kg/day to the child. Daily 5-6 times feeding is given. In cases of anorexia, small and frequent freeing is advised. Iron.
vit. A, D, B. Complex, and K are also given. Severe anemia is treated by giving small packed cell transfusion slowly.

(iii). Rehabilitation Phase.

Gradually as the child improves more energy is given by improving his food intake. Infection i.e. diarrhea, malaria T..B. or worm infection are treated according