Martin Luther the great central figure of the Reformation and the founder of Protestantism was born in on the 10th November 1483 in Eisleban, Mansfeld, Saxony, Germany. He was the eldest son of poor peasant parents. He had his education in monasteries and became a scholarly clergyman.
Some of the reformers such as Desiderius Erasmus were more interested in learning and shrank from strong measures. But Luther, by his wonderful strength of character and directness of purpose, became the greatest revolutionary of the 16th century.
He was deeply concerned about the problem of Salvation. Finally he decided that it could not be attained by good work, but was a free gift of God’s compassion and grace.
According to tradition, in 1517 Martin Luther affixed his ninety five thesis to the door of the Church of Wittenburg. This was a document that included among other things, statements challenging the sale of indulgences.
This first blow against the Catholic Church was struck by Luther, when a friar brought indulgences to Wittenburg where Luther was a professor (1517). To help to raise money for the building of St Peter’s Church at Rome, the Pope had issued indulgences, which granted subscribers to the find, relief from the penance.
Luther thus openly called the sale of indulgences an abuse of them. This caused a sensation, for greater than Luther expected. In a fortnight his daring action was known all over Germany.
At first when complaints were made to him, the Pope merely said “Brother Martin is a man of very fine genius, and this outbreak a mere squabble of envious monks.” But after a time when many people ceased contributing to the fund, the Pope declared “A wild boar has broken into the vineyard of the Lord”, in a Papal Bull. (an edict or a letter)
Gradually this action led to a great quarrel between Luther and church leaders, including the Pope. Luther further decided that the Bible was the true source of authority and renounced obedience to Rome.
He was excommunicated, (expelled from the church) but gained followers among churchmen as well as the laity.
Luther was summoned to appear in Worms, at a meeting of princes, nobles, bishops, abbots and deputies of the Holy Roman Empire. Luther at Worms was the most momentous event in modern history.
Luther arrived at Worms amidst great excitement. He spoke with such bravery that everyone was astonished. All the terrors of the law were held over his head but he refused to retract or withdraw what he had said.
Looking round at the great gathering who were to deride upon his fate, he simply said “Here I stand. I can do no other. God help me Amen!” So ended the meeting at eight o’clock in the evening of Tuesday 18th April 1521. Luther was allowed to depart safely.
A month later however an edict was issued placing Luther under the ban of the ‘empire’. A good patron noble took Luther to his castle, the famous Wartburg where he lived for 10 months under the name of Squire George, dressed as a knight. Returning at length to Wittenburg Luther lived there in peace. He passed away peacefully on the 18th February 1546 in Eisleban his place of birth.
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