"Viral capsids are the protein cage derived from the protein shell of a virus, and can have different shapes, sizes, and protein subunits, depending on the virus type [101]."
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/virus-capsid
"All viruses contain nucleic acid, either DNA or RNA (but not both), and a protein coat, which encases the nucleic acid."
https://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/virus.html
"A virus is a chain of nucleic acids (DNA or RNA) which lives in a host cell, uses parts of the cellular machinery to reproduce, and releases the replicated nucleic acid chains to infect more cells."
https://biologydictionary.net/virus/
"Keevil, a microbiology researcher at the University of Southampton in England, has studied the antimicrobial effects of copper for more than two decades. He has watched in his laboratory as the simple metal slew one bad bug after another. He began with the bacteria that causes Legionnaire's Disease and then turned to drug-resistant killer infections like Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). He tested viruses that caused worldwide health scares such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and the Swine Flu (H1N1) pandemic of 2009. In each case, copper contact killed the pathogen within minutes. "It just blew it apart," he says."
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/copper-virus-kill-180974655/
"Keevil explains that copper ions -- electrically charged molecules -- kill dangerous viruses by destroying their genetic material. Copper ions do this by interacting with oxygen and changing the oxygen molecules. As a result, the virus cells cannot mutate."
https://learningenglish.voanews.com/a/copper-kills-viruses-on-contact/3147962.html
"While employed at UCLA Medical School in the 1980s, Doctor Larry C. Ford documented over 650 different disease-causing pathogens that were destroyed in minutes when exposed to small amounts of silver."
https://draxe.com/nutrition/colloidal-silver-benefits/
"Silver atoms deactivate microbes such as virus and bacteria by binding to the thiol groups constituting the protein structures of these microorganisms (Gupta et al., 2013)."
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemical-engineering/silver-nanoparticles
Using Gold Nanoparticles to Destroy Viruses
https://www.infectioncontroltoday.com/view/using-gold-nanoparticles-destroy-viruses
"AuNPs-As likely inhibit viral infection by blocking viral particles directly, showing a potent virucidal effect."
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31801280/
Metal Nanoparticles: a Promising Treatment for Viral and Arboviral Infections
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12011-020-02414-2
"Enzymes, particularly the proteases, turn out to be an excellent therapy to use against a virus, working on several levels. Many viruses are surrounded by a protective protein film, something a protease enzyme can digest away. Eliminating this coating leaves the viruses unprotected and vulnerable to antivirals and destruction."
http://www.enzymestuff.com/conditionviruses.htm
"There are three specific ways proteolytic enzymes help kill viruses dead in their tracks. (And #3 is BY FAR the most important – and overlooked.)
The first of proteolytic enzymes’ many talents is their ability to “eat up” the protective coating on a virus."
https://losethebackpain.com/fight-viruses-with-enzymes/
Are Enzymes Nature’s Virus Fighters?
http://www.sixwise.com/Newsletters/2009/November/20/Are-Enzymes-Natures-Virus-Fighters.htm