Le due specie di insetti sociali più famose al mondo, le api e le formiche, le ritroviamo racchiuse all’interno dello stesso ecosistema. Per alcuni insetti la sola esistenza dell’alveare ricopre un ruolo molto importante in natura; infatti, molte specie, trovano in esso una fonte di cibo e materiali da riutilizzare. Gli scarti dell’alveare sono molti: a cominciare dalla cera che durante la fase di disopercolatura va a depositarsi sul fondo, ai resti del polline e alle esuvie che sono potenzialmente un piatto pieno di proteine per gli insetti e piccoli mammiferi che si trovano nei paraggi.
Le formiche sicuramente sono le più propense ad abitare nelle vicinanze delle api, infatti il loro esoscheletro e le loro dimensioni, le rendono molte ostiche da combattere per le nostre amiche api.
L’approccio delle formiche cambia durante l’anno ed infatti se durante la primavere/estate preferiscono stabilire la colonia lungo spaccature negli alberi o approfittando di piccoli ripari dove poter depositare la covata della regina, durante l’autunno migrano in posti più riparati per superare l’inverno. E quale miglior riparo del tetto di un’arnia?!
Solitamente, la situazione davanti alla quale ci ritroviamo durante questa stagione, prevede le formiche situate nelle parte alta dell’arnia, sotto il copri favo, così da sfruttare il calore emesso dalla famiglia sottostante.
The two most famous species of social insects in the world, bees and ants, can be found enclosed in the same ecosystem. For some insects the mere existence of the hive plays a very important role in nature; in fact, many species find in it a source of food and materials to be reused. In the hive there is a lot of waste: starting with the wax that is deposited on the bottom, the remains of pollen and the exuviae that are potentially a plate full of proteins for insects and small mammals that are nearby .
The ants are certainly the most likely to live in the vicinity of the bees, in fact their exoskeleton and their size, make them very difficult to fight for our bees.
The approach of the ants changes during the year, in fact if during the spring/summer they prefer to establish the colony along cracks in the trees or taking advantage of small shelters where they can deposit the brood of the queen, during autumn they migrate to more sheltered places to overcome winter. And what is better than a beehive roof?!
Usually the situation before which we meet during this season, previews the ants located in the upper part of the arnia, under the cover comb, so as to take advantage of the heat emitted by the underlying family.
ants eggs.
Come è possibile vedere dalle foto, le formiche non si fanno scrupoli ad esporre la propria covata alle api, proprio perché in un primo momento possiamo trovare una fase di cooperazione/pace apparente. Inoltre questi insetti scelgono minuziosamente la famiglia che andrà ad ospitare "abusivamente" la dimora delle api; non a caso è possibile trovarle nelle situazione in cui la famiglia non è così forte da difendere la parte soprastante dell’arnia.
Infatti le formiche oltre che a ripulire l’arnia dai resti delle esuvie, api morte e tutti i materiali di scarto prodotti dall'alveare, allontanano anche un gran numero di insetti che avrebbero sfruttato a loro volta la vita dell’alveare, e allo stesso tempo evitano che piccoli insetti o altri piccoli animali morti, nelle vicinanze dell’arnia o all'interno di essa, possano decomporsi e cosi aumentare la carica batterica presente nell’arnia.
As you can see from the photos, the ants don’t have any problem in exposing their brood to bees, precisely because at first we can find a phase of apparent cooperation / peace. In addition, these insects carefully choose the family that will "host" the abode of the bees; not by chance it is possible to find them in the situation in which the family is not so strong as to defend the overlying part of the hive.
In fact, the ants not only clean up the hive from the remains of the exuviae, dead bees and all the waste materials produced by the hive, they also remove a large number of insects that would have exploited the life of the hive, and at the same time they prevent small insects or other small dead animals, in the vicinity of the hive or inside it, from decomposing and thus increasing the bacterial load present in the hive.
Molto spesso però proprio per via di questa calma apparente gli apicoltori preferiscono non interferire tra le api e le formiche, ma lasciare che la famiglia di api sia abbastanza forte da costringere le formiche al trasloco.
Ma anche le formiche che quotidianamente abitano e ripuliscono i resti delle esuvie ed opercoli dell'alveare, devono essere prese in considerazione come vettori di molti dei principali virus presenti all’interno dell’alveare.
Very often, however, precisely because of this apparent calm, beekeepers prefer not to interfere between bees and ants, but let the bee family be strong enough to force the ants to move.
But even the ants that daily inhabit and clean up the remains of the exuviae and operculums of the hive, must be taken into consideration as vectors of many of the main viruses present in the hive.
Youtube video
Come emerge dalla ricerca “Detection of Chronic bee paralysis virus […] in various hosts and possible ways of spread”, le formiche sono uno trai i principali vettori di patologie come la CBPV.
Il contatto tra varroa e formiche, ma soprattutto tra le formiche e le feci delle api infette, le rende il perfetto vettore per poter diffondere le infezioni da alveare ad alveare, potendo potenzialmente, infettare anche diversi apiari nella stessa zona.
Appare chiaro quindi leggendo questa ricerca, come le piccole formiche se pur laboriose ed affascinanti, restino un problema serio all’interno dell’ecosistema alveare.
As emerges from the research “detection of chronic bee paralysis virus […] in various hosts and possible ways of spread”, ants are one of the main vectors of diseases such as CBPV.
The contact between varroa and ants, but above all between the ants and the faeces of the infected bees, makes them the perfect vector for spreading hive-to-hive infections, infecting potentially different apiaries in the same area.
Thus, it is clear that reading this research, like the small ants, although laborious and fascinating, remain a serious problem inside the hive ecosystem.
Source
Detection of Chronic bee paralysis virus (CBPV) genome and its replicative RNA form in various hosts and possible ways of spread
Spread of Infectious Chronic Bee Paralysis Virus by Honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) Feces
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Immagine di mia proprietà, realizzata da @pab.ink un ringraziamento speciale al team di @DaVinci.art
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Upvoted 👌
Powered by witness untersatz!
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Upvoted 👌
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Grazie @amico!
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Fascinating. I was unaware such interaction existed.
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Within the hive ecosystem, many interactions are created!
Glad you liked it!
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Molto molto interessante. Non deve essere facile contrastare le formiche per gli apicoltori. Un equilibrio difficile.
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è già ben detto... sono una vera e propria piaga ogni tanto
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Very interesting. Never read or saw something about this subject. Great article and photographs.
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:) I’m very happy that you liked the article @borjan!
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Articolo molto interessante! Grazie per la condivisione !!!
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Finalmente un altro apicoltore!!
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Un articolo piacevole da leggere e davvero interessante.
!BEER
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Grazie @libertycrypto27 !
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dicono che è difficilissimo distrarre le formiche per gli apicoltori...e sono sempre presenti...che bello venire a conoscenza di tutte queste cose
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