There have been at least 1.24 million confirmed cases of coronavirus in Spain, according to the Spanish Ministry of Health. As of Nov. 2, 36,257 people had died. In October alone, 3,905 people died of Covid-19, according to the health ministry, which is slightly more than the number who died from the flu in Spain during the winter of 2019-2020.
Spain lifted one of the world’s most stringent lockdowns in late June and enjoyed a rapid reopening over the summer. But it has since struggled to contain a vast second wave of infection, and was forced to introduce a new state of emergency in October, under which the central government has imposed a nationwide nighttime curfew and regional administrations have added despite various restrictions across the country, including various orders that ban residents from traveling to other parts of the country.
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Spain was one of the hardest-hit countries in Europe during the first wave of the pandemic, implementing a three-month national lockdown that only allowed people outside to walk their dogs or shop for groceries.
Shops, beaches, bars and restaurants all reopened in the summer, and the country began to welcome tourists again too. But with the reopening and revival of nightlife — which was reinstated earlier and with looser restrictions than in many other parts of Europe — the virus was spreading faster in Spain than almost anywhere else in the world.
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The Spanish government declared a new state of emergency in October, including a curfew from 11 p.m. to 6 a.m. in most of the country’s regions. The region of Catalonia has closed bars and restaurants, and authorities in the Basque Country have closed the region’s borders and prevented people from traveling outside their localities. Regional authorities in Madrid have considered a similar move, echoing the measures implemented in early March.
With as many as 65,000 healthcare workers infected, the outbreak has severely damaged Spain's image as one of the healthiest nations in the world. It has long boasted a robust universal health care system and the highest life expectancy in the European Union, the country’s public health capacity has been reduced by a decade of austerity measures.
How Cases Are Growing
The pandemic has laid bare a lack of coordination between the Spanish central government and regional authorities, resulting in disjointed and often confusing measures that likely helped the virus spread over the summer, according to experts.
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In August, 20 Spanish public health leaders said authorities were unprepared to face a pandemic and listed as potential explanations the scarcity of equipment for healthcare workers, a lack of preparedness in nursing homes, an ageing population, and low reliance on scientific advice, among other factors.
Here’s how the number of new cases and deaths are changing over time:
Spanish authorities have changed their data collection method several times since March, creating confusion over the actual number of confirmed cases in the country. In April, the health ministry started to include results from antibody tests in its daily tallies of confirmed cases, only to retract them a week later.
Since late April, the tally of confirmed cases includes data obtained from PCR diagnostic tests only, which caused a drop in the number of known infections, but in late May, Spain announced yet another way of collecting data, by counting a death based on when it occurred instead of when authorities were notified.
Spain, like most countries, is only counting fatalities of those who have tested positive for coronavirus. The Madrid region and Catalonia, the country’s worst hit areas, have reported “confirmed or suspected” coronavirus deaths provided by funeral homes in daily updates, but those updated numbers are not included in the daily death tolls published by Spain’s health ministry. The regional numbers there include deaths in nursing homes and suggest that the death toll is far higher than reported so far.
Where You Can Find More Information
Read more about the second wave of infections, and how diverging views among authorities on how to impose new restrictions in Madrid have ended up in the courtroom.
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In the spring, the coronavirus pandemic overwhelmed nursing homes, and led some health workers to call themselves “health care kamikazes,” as they were forced to make their own equipment.
Spanish health authorities publish daily data at midday on Twitter, Telegram, and on the health ministry’s website.
Most news organizations have their own live coverage dedicated to the coronavirus outbreak: El País, El Mundo, El Diario.es, La Vanguardia.
For a clear explanation (in Spanish) on Spain’s sometimes confusing way of counting cases and deaths, El Diario has a useful article.
