"The metal nanoparticles exhibit significant antiviral potential against many viral diseases. Metal nanoparticles can block cell attachment and viral entry into the cells, can inhibit viral proliferation and replication, can cause viral inactivation and are having viricidal effects [4]."
"Gold nanoparticles can bind with the envelop glycoprotein of HIV and inhibit virus replication, it also shows antiviral effects against subtypes of influenza virus (e.g., H1N1, H3N2, H5N1) [7]. Gold nanoparticles were evaluated as a vaccine platform against the West Nile virus to access the immune response. The gold nanoparticles were coated with West Nile virus envelop protein. The antivirus antibody was measured after inoculation in mice [8].
The silver nanoparticles were reported to have significant antiviral activities against a wide range of virus-like human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, herpes simplex virus, monkeypox virus and respiratory syncytial virus. The silver nanoparticles exhibit a virucidal effect by inhibiting virus reproduction."
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7786161/
"Several nanoparticles, including gold nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles, quantum dots, carbon dots, graphene oxide nanoparticles, and zinc oxide nanoparticles, have previously demonstrated remarkable antiviral activity against a diverse array of viruses."
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8957383/
"Gold nanoparticles may be useful as a promising strategy for treating and controlling the infection of MeV and other related enveloped viruses."
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6950311/
"Also gold nanoparticles have been exploited as antimicrobial agents, mainly as a tool to deliver other antimicrobials or in order to enhance the photodynamic killing of bacteria [29]. Many studies have shown the antimicrobial effects of metal nanoparticles, but the effects of silver nanoparticles against fungal pathogens are mostly unknown; silver nanoparticles, indeed, showed significant antifungal activity against Penicillium citrinum [30], Aspergillus niger [30], Trichophyton Mentagrophytes [31] and Candida albicans [32].
Different types of nanomaterials like copper, zinc, titanium [33], magnesium, gold [34], alginate [35] and silver have come up in recent years and most of them have proven to be effective against diverse microorganisms."
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6264685/
Silver nanoparticles are broad-spectrum bactericidal and virucidal compounds
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21812950/