Viral Protein Antigen (Virus Part) ---> Enzyme ---> Genetic Code For Antigen ---> Peptide Antigen ---> Antibody Response ---> Peptide Vaccine

in news •  2 years ago 

Genetic Code For Antigens --->

"mRNA vaccines use mRNA created in a laboratory to teach our cells how to make a protein—or even just a piece of a protein—that triggers an immune response inside our bodies."
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/different-vaccines/mrna.html

"The genetic material of a virus can be either DNA or RNA.
The viruses that contain DNA as their genetic material are called the DNA viruses.
RNA viruses, on the other hand, contain RNA as their genetic material.
DNA viruses are mostly double-stranded while RNA viruses are single-stranded."
https://www.pmfias.com/difference-virus-bacteria-dna-rna-viruses/

"An antigen is a marker that tells your immune system whether something in your body is harmful or not. Antigens are found on viruses, bacteria, tumors and normal cells of your body."
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24067-antigen

Genetic Code ---> Special Amino Acid 3D Printer ---> Peptide Antigen

"Each protein or peptide consists of a linear sequence of amino acids"
https://www.news-medical.net/life-sciences/Amino-Acids-and-Protein-Sequences.aspx

Synthetic Peptide Antigen --->

Spike Protein Antigen (Enveloped Virus)

"To create the antigen that stimulates immunity in this vaccine candidate, researchers used a prefusion version of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein – the shape it is in on the surface of the virus before the virus infects a cell."
https://news.osu.edu/scientists-develop-effective-intranasal-mumps-based-covid-19-vaccine-candidate/

Envelope Protein Antigen (Enveloped Virus)

"E-protein can therefore be targeted as a potential vaccine target against SARS-CoV2."
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7833863/

Membrane Protein Antigen (Enveloped Virus)

"M protein is a major candidate antigen in the development of a vaccine"
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17330399/

Nucleocapsid Protein Antigen

"the nucleocapsid protein can also elicit a protective immune response."
https://www.news-medical.net/news/20210503/Vaccine-candidate-targeting-SARS-CoV-2-nucleocapsid-protein-elicits-protective-immune-response-in-animal-model.aspx

Fusion Peptide Antigen

"the fusion peptide for insertion into the cell membranes targeted."
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34375093/

"fusion peptides (FP) that play essential roles in virus entry."
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5125003/

"the immune system responds is a relatively small number of amino acids or peptide.

A possible alternative approach to immunization would therefore be to identify the peptide sequences that trigger a protective immune response and to use completely synthetic versions of these as the vaccine substance"
https://www.who.int/teams/health-product-policy-and-standards/standards-and-specifications/vaccine-standardization/synthetic-peptide-vaccines

Antibody Response ---> Vaccine

"Antibodies are proteins made by the immune system in response to an infection or vaccination"
https://www.verywellhealth.com/antibodies-from-vaccines-and-from-natural-infection-5092564

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