India is a federal democratic republic with a parliamentary system of government.
The Constitution of India is the supreme law of the country and lays down the framework for governance.
The President is the head of state, while the Prime Minister is the head of government.
The Indian Parliament consists of two houses – the Rajya Sabha (Council of States) and the Lok Sabha (House of the People).
The judiciary is independent of the executive and legislative branches of government, and consists of the Supreme CouHigh Courts, and subordinate courts.
The Fundamental Rights guaranteed by the Constitution include the right to equality, freedom of speech and expression, freedom of religion, and the right to life and personal liberty.
The Directive Principles of State Policy lay down the social and economic goals that the government must strive to achieve.
The Indian Constitution provides for a system of checks and balances between the three branches of government to ensure that no one branch becomes too powerful.
The Constitution can be amended by a two-thirds majority of both houses of Parliament, subject to certain procedural requirements.
India is a secular country, and the Constitution guarantees freedom of religion to all its citizens.
These are some basic notes on Indian Polity. However, Indian polity is a vast and complex subject, and there is much more to learn about it.