"using a filter you can make shadows less dark relative to highlights,"Sounds like an impossible feat. ;)
You can't make black any blacker by filtering light coming from it, can you? But you can make highlights less bright despite that. :)
There is one thing I did not understand and that is why chromatic aberrations are worse in bright daylight than when there is less light. That was what you were saying, right? And it certainly seems the case here. Why would that be?
Well you can under-expose the shadows with an ND filter at the same time while de-brightening highlights, if that's what you meant. But you will get an image where you will end up needing to push the exposure back up again, while degrading the quality in the process.
It's just that the extreme contrast between light and shadow in direct sunlight and worse, light reflecting from water, glass or white surfaces is accentuating the aberrations. The objectives have plenty of partly reflective surfaces inside to make that light behave like being projected through a prism.
With an overcast lighting there are generally no direct sources of light (as in reflections from other surfaces), or they are much less pronounced. The lens doesn't end up producing that prism like effect, and thus much less visible aberration.
With that I mean, that while the aberration is still there, it is not anywhere near as disturbingly bad, as in our example, where we were shooting at waves in direct sunlight.
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