Runes & Indo-European Witchcraft

in runes •  7 years ago  (edited)

There is a common cultural heritage shared by people in nations stretching from India to Ireland, I am unsure if this is due to cultural cross-polination or due to there being a a particular breed of human that has ranged among the peoples of those areas. There are a number of cases that support the idea of a common culture among Indo-Europeans. The language similarities between Sanskrit and European languages is the most obvious indicator. Below is some evidence from incantations that have been found in these lands.

The Merseburg Incantations are charms that are derived from pagan Germany. Similar charms have been found in India as well as Ireland. The incantations were recorded in the 10th century by a German cleric but its origins are from pre-Christian times. There are two Merseburg incantations, the second one has direct parallels in Ireland and India. The second one is designed to aid in the healing of limbs and has a portion that reads as follows: "bone to bone, blood to blood, joints to joints, so may they be mended". The first part of the charm mentions Odin.

A book of incantations from the Vedic period of India has a similar charm that has a portion that reads as follows "let thy marrow come together with marrow, and thy joint together with joint... together let thy bone grow over". This is found in Hymn 12 of book 4 of The Atharva Veda. In Ireland there is story of a healer named Airmid who healed someones limbs after a famous battle had been fought. She used some sort of healing herbs and recited "bone to bone, vein to vein, balm to balm... marrow to marrow" and etc.

The first charm of the Merseburg Incantations mentions a loosening charm used to remove fetters. This may be what is referred to in the fourth charm mentioned in Havamal after Odin has learned of the runes. In Bedes Ecclesiastical History of England, the story of the christianization of England, it mentions a man named Imma being asked if he has any loosing spells after they have had trouble binding him with fetters.

There are other possible connections between The Atharva Veda and European incantations. In various European runic inscriptions Thor is invoked to heal one from illness. In this case Thor perhaps represents the force of lightning. The Kvinneby Amulet and The Canterbury Charm both invoke Thor against illness. The Anglo Saxon Lacnunga charms describe sicknesses as being caused by dwarfs and in the Eddic poem Alvissmal Thor causes a dwarf to disappear through tricking the dwarf into letting himself be exposed to sunlight. Anglo Saxon charms ascribe dwarfs to be agents that cause illness whereas other Germanic charms assign illness to being caused by beings they call trolls.

In Book 1 of The Atharva Veda there are prayers to lightning to heal fever, various illnesses, as well as to end periods of melancholy.

When christianity arrived in Europe there was confusion over what sort of pagan practices were compatible with christianity and what practices were not compatible. In The Malleus Maleficarum, a handbook for witch-hunters, it describes the writing of runes for purposes of charms to be unlawful, but it acknowledged that since some runic inscriptions do not invoke "devils"*(christian term for pagan god) that it may be confusing to some authorities if such practices were lawful or not. The MM describes witchcraft as mental influence and speaks of the fashioning of images for the purpose of exercising such influence.

The MM describes Zoroaster, a Persian prophet, as being a developer of certain arts associated with witchcraft. Persia is a part of the Indo-European culture.

The Norse people sometimes get characterized as bloodthirsty savage vikings. The viking age though was likely a struggle of a pagan people who were confused by the encroaching christianization of Europe, as a result they decided to target church's. When we read of viking raids the usual targets are monasteries. This may have resulted in strengthening the agents of the spread of christian culture however the vikings were likely motivated by a desire to preserve the pagan culture of Europe in the midst of cultural imperialism.

Witch-hunts were designed to eradicate this pagan culture, hence the phrase "old wives tales" tales took on a derogatory meaning since it was the oral tradition of women which had preserved remnants of the old lore. The successors to the witch-hunters are psychiatrists who have historically medicated those who have had worldviews or experiences associated with things related to witchcraft. I would not say religions are a threat to the practice of witchcraft. Christianity has mellowed and even in islamic nations people practice witchcraft secretly. Witchcraft is Indo-European pagan culture.

Even prior to christianization there was a fear of and in some cases persecution of those who practiced witchcraft(seidr). In the eddic poem Voluspa there is an instance of a witch(volva) apparently being killed by The Aesir and then resurrected. The word magic is used interchangeably with witchcraft and is derived from the old english word for power: magan.

*The word devil is rooted in the word deva which is a term for a god in hinduism and buddhism.

Atharva Veda hymn resembling Merseburg incantation http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/av/av04012.htm
Merseburg Incantation information https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merseburg_Incantations http://www.germanicmythology.com/works/merseburgcharms.html
Airmid https://grumpydruid.wordpress.com/2013/01/11/airmid/

Book 1 Atharva Veda http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/av/avbook01.htm

Passages from Malleus Maleficarum http://cafe.edu/~dany/darkpage/malleus.htm

Loosing Spell Bede Christian History England(this book has a lot of faith based miracles mentioned in it) http://www.sacred-texts.com/chr/bede/hist108.htm

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Additional resources that may be of interest to the reader:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryggen_inscriptions
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bergen_rune-charm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runic_magic
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunting_magic
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Breuil
What A Shaman Sees At A Mental Hospital https://archive.is/GcVaF

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