The standard model is basically the collection of all we know about particle interaction on the smallest scales.
It accounts for almost everything.
It remains consistent and predicts almost everything we see.
It is a theory of interactions between subatomic particles.
The theory contains all the interactions with the electromagnetic, weak nuclear force and the strong nuclear force. Sadly, we have found gravity simply does not fit.
Fermions.
Fermions are both leptons and quarks. They all have a spin of 1/2 and a corresponding antiparticle. Quarks carry a "color charge" which causes them to be bound to each other via the strong interaction. This creates Hadrons (if "color neutral"), Mesons which contain a quark and an anti quark or Baryons which contain 3 quarks. They all have electric charge and weak isospin. This means they interact with both the weak nuclear force and electromagnetism.
6 Fermions do not carry a color charge, thus are in a different category: leptons. Three are neutrinos. Neutrinos (as the name suggests) are electrically neutral and color neutral, only interacting through the weak nuclear force. This makes them extremely hard to detect as they are also extremely light and extremely fast.
The other three do interact electromagnetically the tau, moun and electron are fermions.
Those that carry force: the Gauge bosons
The Gauge bosons carry weak nuclear force, strong nuclear force and electromagnetism. These particles are a result of other particles interacting with each other. They are exchanged with these interactions, for example when an object is pushing another this particle causes the acceleration. They have a spin of one which makes them different from fermions. This also allows an infinite density of these particles.
The electroweak connection.
The electroweak connection is a group of 3 particles the W(+ or -) boson, Z boson and the photon. Thw W- has a negitive electric charge and interacts with normal matter, while the W+ is the opposite. The Z boson is far heavier and like the W bosons interacts with the weak nuclear force, but is electrically neutral. The photon has no mass and interacts only with electromagnetism.
The Higgs boson.
The Higgs is relatively new (even though it was predicted 50 years ago), which means we have learned a lot about it but not everything. It is not stable and decays almost immediately. It has a spin of 0 and since it has mass interacts with itself. It is about 125 GEV or 125 times the energy of a proton.
It gives objects mass but not gravity. Inertia is what is caused by it, gravity and mass are linked but not the same thing. A force particle for gravity is theorized but has not yet been found.
more reading:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Model
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elementary_particle
image source: www.fnal.gov/pub/inquiring/timeline/images/standardmodel.gif
upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Standard_Model_Feynman_Diagram_Vertices.png
I am sorry but this is so imprecise and so incorrect... I cannot upvote you this time. You should have a look to my old Standard Model post or all my particle physics posts for more accurate information...
Sadly, I will not take the time to show you the numerous imprecisions here... They are too many of them. I can imagine it is hard to popularize something you do not master, but please, make an effort... It hurts me to see my field of research treated in such a way! It deserves more than a short wikipedia summary!
PS: I almost fell from my chair when I read the first sentence and I hope you will make more efforts when trying to discuss particle physics in the future.
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Right from the first sentence? can you elaborate and give one or two examples about what is wrong in this presentation?
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Hi Jako,
Sure. I can point to you my old posts here, here and there for more details. It is self advertising which I don't like... but well...
Now your explicit demand:
The Standard Model is not a collection of all what we know about quantum mechanics. The Standard Model is a quantum field theory, which is not quantum mechanics. Quantum mechanics is a branch of physics by itself. It applies to quantum computers, condensed matter systems, etc... Quantum field theory of course needs quantum mechanics, but is different. I will avoid any technical details. I guess the examples above are sufficient, aren't there?
There are not 17 different particles in the Standard Model but 29 different ones (if you allow me to speak in terms of particles).
Stating that the Higgs boson was predicted by the Standard Model does not have any meaning at all.
'Many more are predicted like the particle that carries the gravitational force' is just wrong. There is no such a prediction in the Standard Model
The way matter is discussed is super sloppy.
We have learned a lot about the Higgs boson (I wrote to very long posts about that). Saying the opposite is an insult to my experimentalist colleagues.
etc., but I stop here.
If one of my students would introduce me the Standard Model like this, he would have failed the course. I like people popularizing what I work on, but then they should do more than summarizing wikipedia.
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For more information, you can also ask me directly on the steemit chat (in #science for instance). I will be more than happy to participate to a live discussion.
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