Rambutan (Nephelium Lappaceum)

Rambutan is a tropical fruit with a sweet taste. Physical characteristics of fruit rambutan fruit with the size of a ping pong or larger ball with feathers all over the skin of bright red fruit.

In terms of Biology, Rambutan is a family of lerak-lerakan or Spindaceae. Rambutan plants originated from the islands in Southeast Asia in Indonesia. The spread of rambutan is almost entirely in Southeast Asia, Central America, India, and Africa.

Rambutan plants with bright red color and woody tree shape can also be planted in the yard of the house with a narrow land. But because rambutan is a true woody tree with a natural root structure is the root of the riding, it is necessary some simple way to be able to maintain rambutan plants in the yard to be fruitful and not damage your home building.

But before you plant the following are some things that must be considered in planting and budidayarambutan
Factors that affect the growing power of rambutan.

External Factors
Land, -The land is an important factor of the growth of a plant. Rambutan plants like plants are loose, fertile and slightly sandy.

The thick clay soil is rather difficult to overgrown by rambutan, therefore the addition of a little sand to the clay soil can help the growth of Rambutan on the soil condition. Although in fact rambutan can live well in all kinds of soil conditions but Rambutan is best grown on garden soils with soil conditions that is pH or acidity level 6.65 to 5.50.

Rambutan plants are unsuitable for growing in acidic swamp areas, unless calcification is to be performed. Kapus is very good at neutralizing Acid because it has Base properties.

Climate can be interpreted as the average weather conditions in rambutan planting place throughout the year. In terms of climate, Rambutan plants will be influenced the main thing;

*Air temperature
*Average rainfall
*The amount of sunshine throughout the year
*Wind direction and wind speed

The four things are very influential on the growth and fruitful process of rambutan. In general, rambutan will be fruitful and flourish in natural conditions with rainfall of 1,500 to 2,500 mm throughout the year.

Conditions at the time of flowering, rambutan need dry conditions or dry season at least 3 months since the flowers will appear but if the dry season occurs longer than 3 months then the flowers will fall or the fruit becomes deflated. one way to overcome this is to water the plants manually.

Elevation of Tanam Rambutan area, - Rambutan is a Tropical plant that is only suitable for tropical areas with wet climat.

Very good plants grow at an altitude of 30 to 500 m above sea level. Although we often see rambutan plants at an altitude of 1000 meters above sea level, but this type of rambutan has a tall tree and rare fruit, other than that the flowering season of rambutan type is difficult to predict.

Internal factors

Type Rambutan, - Type of rambutan very much and varied but two types of rambutan the most demanded by the people of Indonesia is the type of fruit rambutan Aceh and also rambutan Binjai. Not all rambutan planted from seeds will bear fruit.

Therefore most rambutan farmers prefer to grow rambutan with the type of graft in addition to rapid fruit, rambutan type grafts also produce the same fruit with the mother where the fruit comes from.
Rambutan Tree Planting Process
Rambutan planting process is very easy and simple. No special technique is required in planting rambutan trees.

But in the process of rambutan cultivation, of course, needed attention so that the planted trees can bear fruit quickly and bushy. Here are some tips to grow rambutan to be fruitful quickly.
Land Preparation:

Prepare a fertile ground and if necessary give a natural humus fertilizer or manure super humus humus. No need to worry about the name of fertilizer can be bought at a cheap price at the farm shop, you should avoid the use of inorganic fertilizers if necessary.

Try to keep rambutan in loose soil, Earthworm will help the process of natural soil eruption.
Circulation Air in the ground works well, it can be assisted by worms as well or by routinely digging the soil.

Hole Preparation

To plant rambutan from seeds that have been grafted (tree seeds from seeds are not recommended in the yard of the house) should provide a growing space with the size of 1 m x 1 x 0.5 m. This is necessary so that the plant's adjustment period goes well.

If the rambutan plant is obtained from transplanted plants, the depth of the soil does not need to be too deep because of its higher growing power.

If you plan to plant rambutan more than one tree try to keep the intercrops more than 12 meters because the rambutan plants have lush plant criteria.
Cultivation Preparation:

The planting process can be done during the day or morning. At the time of the planting process should be given a shade plant removed from banana leaves or coconut leaves for plants to avoid direct sunlight when newly planted. This shade is released at the age of the plant has been three days or more.

The planting process should be done at the time of the rainy season or before the dry season because during the rainy season. Avoid planting rambutan during the rainy season because the roots of the plant are not ready to deal with the amount of excess water. roots of plants that experience excess water will rot and can kill your rambutan plants.

At the time of planting process should be included manure from cow dung or chicken manure that has been mixed with the soil. Do not put the impurities in contact with the roots directly because the livestock manure is acidic, since it should be stirred evenly with the soil before it is inserted.

Watering of Rambutan Plants
Watering plants is very important to do except during the rainy season, if the dry season should water the new plants twice a day for two weeks. The amount of water that is watered more in the morning with a volume of 10 liters for new plants.

At the time the plants have grown with new leaves, watering should be reduced ie 1 time only every day and if it is good enough, rambutan plants do not need watering except in certain conditions such as during the dry season.

Avoid puddles in rambutan, if water pooled around the roots can make rambutan rotten plants.

Fertilization
For the process of applying chemical fertilizers, direct consultation directly to the farmers regarding the shape and size of your rambutan plant, but generally the fertilizer recipe as follows:

Rambutan age 2 years or more: 30 kg of manure + 50 kg TSP, 100 grams of urea or setar with 20 grams Zink. Apart from the amount of fertilizer, the distance of administration should also be determined, not too close to the tree trunk and also too far from the trunk of the tree. Tips: Most farmers usually use a large area of ​​tree leaf size as the inside diameter gives fertilizer.

Weeding Process

Weeding process is the process of eliminating disturbing plants such as weeds around trees because it can absorb the fertilizer that has been given to rambutan. Rambutan plants should at least be sterile from weeds about 2 meters from the tree to bear fruit well.

Pruning and branching Rambutan
Rambutan pruning process can be done with 3 kinds of light, medium and heavy pemangaksan. In pemangaksan required special skills to not just any crop and cause the fruit to be a bit or rambutan not productive. Here are tips on pruning rambutan:

Light pruning: Moderate lightning is performed on unproductive branches and also shows thin signs and is smaller than other branches.,

Medium Pruning: Pruning is being done by cutting down damaged branches like broken or cracked.
Weighting: Weighting should be done by experienced farmers, because it can result in tree matinay, heavy pruning is done when the fruit in rambutan has begun to be less. Pruning is done by cutting branches with old trees. This pruning should be followed by the grafting process.

Pruning Shoots: Pruning shoots done by breaking the shoots or seeds of leaves and twigs on rambutan plants, pruning is done with the aim to provide suplay main food reserves to the fruit and done only when the plant bears fruit.

Prevention of Diseases and Pests in Rambutan plants
Pests and diseases are divided into two, pests are animals that attack the plants that can attack the leaves and fruit. These pests can be like bats and also grasshoppers that eat fruit.

If the rambutan plant you plant is in the garden, insecticide is the proper way of handling but if rambutan is planted at home do not use insecticide because it can harm you and your neighbor. The natural enemies of the pest are the best way but this is also difficult because the natural enemies of the locusts are birds that can not be controlled.

Diseases in rambutan plants can be caused by two kinds of viruses such as the virus mozaika tabako and also mushrooms. Prevention can only be done by an experienced person by spraying the fungicide or by cutting the affected part into another stem.

reference

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