Logic Science The Reasoning Principle Is True

Some people forbid others to learn logic. Even some others even disbelieve those who study logic. Why is that? Of course it invites questions; what exactly is learned in the science of logic. Is logic science a "black magic" that is misleading and even makes a believer a kafir? Or on the contrary, by studying the logic of a person will be more steadfast faith. Obviously, we can not punish anything without knowing something we are dealing with.

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Logic Science, In the Beginning

Logic comes from Greek, which is logos which means word, word or thought. Logic has been used by Socrates, Plato and even his predecessors to build persuasive arguments while rejecting other people's arguments. But logic is understood as a systematic science, owing to the efforts of Aristotelian thought (384-322 B.C.). That is why Aristotle is known as the father of logic (Bertrand Russell, History of Western Philosophy 1974, pp. 206).

From Greece, logic was later adopted by various cultures, regions and even religions. In Jewish we know various philosophers from the unpopular to the most popular namely, Karl Marx. Thomas Aquinas medieval pastor and philosopher tried to integrate Christianity with philosophy, including logic which is part of philosophy. While in the Islamic tradition, logic learning gets its peak around the 2nd century Hijriyah or 7th century AD, where Greek books in particular logic-philosophy are translated into Arabic pioneered by Hunain bin Ishaq (Murtadha Muthahhari: Learning the Logic Concept 2012. )

Object of Logic Study

Objects of study or things studied in the science of logic is divided into the material object of the mind (reason) and the formal object is the rule of thinking (reasoned) is true. logic is the study of the principle of right thinking. In later development, the definition of logic is criticized by Irving M. Copy who argues that logic is not the study of the principle of right thinking. Because thinking is also an object of psychology studies. Thinking is the work process of the mind to know something that is not yet known or to clarify the vague knowledge. Remembering, daydreaming and reflection is certainly part of the thinking activity that is not included the object of the study of logic. The thinking activity which is the object of the study of logic is reasoning. Reasoning is a kind of thinking in charge of concluding the existing premises.

Differences Knowledge and Science

Is knowledge and science two terms that have one meaning in common? Knowledge is the presence of reality that is captured by reason. For example the reality of stone. Whatever is captured by reason against stone, that is our knowledge of stone. Judging from its condemnation, knowledge is then divided into knowledge that is still limited to the concept (not to be condemned) as in the proposition "stone" or "do not stone". And knowledge is sure (already punishable) as in the proposition "the stone is black" or "do not eat rock". (Hasan Abu Ammar, Summary of Muslim Logic).

The detailed reason why a reality is captured by reason (known) is then called science. As sure as we are to a reality, as in "hard rock" proponies we have not found a detailed reason why "rock is hard" then it is still said to be knowledge, not science. So knowledge is a universal information that is not systematic, while science is systematic particle (detail) information. In modern logic, science is divided into a posteriori science and a priori science . A posteriori science is a science derived from sensory experience or empirical experiments. Such as chemistry, medicine, economics, sociology and other scientific sciences, both natural, and social. While sciencea priori is a science acquired without sensory experience and empirical experiments, but derived from the mind itself such as philosophy, law, ethics, including logic (Mundiri, Logic 1994, p. 7).

Source of Science

Knowledge can be obtained through so-called knowledge tools or instruments. If in music, musical instruments are guitars, drums, trumpets and so on. Instrument is something that is used to obtain something else. Then the guitar is a tool used to obtain music. Then, what are the instruments of knowledge?

1. The Five Senses
   The first and simplest stage of acquiring knowledge is through the five senses. The fifth position of the five senses is essential in the process of acquiring knowledge even though the sense of sight (eye) and hearing (ear) are often touted as the most important senses. But Aristotle says; "Losing one's senses, losing one science. "People who are blind can not see colors. Just as a deaf person can not hear the sound. The idea that senses are the true means of knowledge is called empiricism. How important, the senses sometimes give wrong knowledge. As the wood bent at the bottom of the water turns straight when lifted to the surface.

2. Fantasy or Imagination
   The imaginary or imaginary world is capable of capturing the forms of things and colors derived from the senses. Gold mountain that is not in the real world, can be accommodated in the fantasy world. Winged spirits that do not exist in the real world, can be imagined in the fantasy world. Your beloved far away, can be present in the fantasy world. Even for those of you who have not had a lover in the real world, can imagine bermanja ria with lovers in the imaginary world. It can all happen because the imaginary world also serves to combine all forms of things. Another function is to compare. We can say this one is higher than that when we compare it in the imaginary world. Artists like Picasso and Leonardo da Vinci often use their imagination. Even the Wright brothers initiated the design of the plane in the fantasy world.

3. Idea
   The instrument of reason is divided into two parts; pure reason (ratio) and the concept of falling mind (heart). The difference lies in what it earns. The heart captures the things that are partikulir, subjective and relative like feeling happy, sad, hungry, love, hate and anger. While pure reason captures things that are universal, objective and absolute. The equation of both lies in its ability to capture abstract or unbearable things. Both are also able to capture the substance, essence or the names of everything. Not a few scientists, clerics and philosophers who argue that the essence of humanity is resourceful. As Aristotle says; humans are rational animals or who optimize their intellect (Murtadha Motahhari; Introduction to Islamic Epistemology).

Benefits of Studying Logic Science

In doing or studying anything, a wise human must question the benefit of doing or learning something. What is the benefit of studying logic? We can not get the right results, the right actions and the right words, if we do not start from right thinking. Because thinking is the beginning of the creation of everything. Logic is present as a regulator of one's thinking until his way of thinking becomes righteous. After the way of thinking is right, then the words, actions and results obtained can also come true. How can we talk about right and wrong things without knowing how to think right. So reduce or even stop talking, commenting and acting, if not begun by thinking (reasoned) correctly.

Imam 'Ali as. once said: "Science is the light that Allah Almighty. give to the heart He wants ". That is why we need a clean heart to learn a science. Logic science is a very precise science when we make the foundation of knowledge and learning. For the future, in learning everything, we can reason rightly or wrong something. The science of logic is a useful science for governing and directing us to the correct way of thinking. Is it after we learn the logic of the way of thinking to be always and absolutely correct? Not really! We can answer with the answer nadiqh, which is the answer in the form of a back question. What about us who learn Indonesian but still many mistakes in everyday use? This depends on the extent of applying the rules of the learner of the science of logic.[1]

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