Hyperaccelerator Theory: How to Use Electromagnetism, Superconductors and Particle Accelerator Technology to Reach Near-Light Speed

We are going to travel to the stars. I'd like to help get us there. In the interest of that, I offer this theory, and the accompanying inventions and ideas to humanity. Please take it from here. Thank you.
This is intended for those who understand superconductors and particle accelerators, as well as the concepts of magnetism and velocity, that they might learn how to propel mankind into deep space at unprecedented near-light speed velocities.

Firstly what is Electromagnetism?

Electromagnetism is a branch of physics which deals with electricity and magnetism and the interaction between them. It was first discovered in the 19th century and has extensive application in today's world of physics.

Electromagnetism is basically the science of electromagnetic fields. An electromagnetic field is the field produced by objects that are charged electrically. Radio waves, infrared waves, Ultraviolet waves, and x-rays are all electromagnetic fields in a certain range of frequency. Electricity is produced by the changing of magnetic field. The phenomenon is also called "electromagnetic induction." Similarly the magnetic field is produced by motion of electric charges.

The basic law of electromagnetism is known as "Faraday's law of Induction." The phenomenon of electromagnetism was discovered in the 19th century, and this led to the discovery of the "special theory of relativity" by Albert Einstein. According to his theory, electric and magnetic fields could be converted into one another with a relative motion. This phenomenon and its applications were discovered because of the many contributions from great scientists and physicists such as Michael Faraday, James Clerk Maxwell, Oliver Heaviside, and Heinrich Hertz. In 1802, an Italian scholar demonstrated the relationship between electricity and magnetism by deflecting a magnetic needle with electrostatic charges.

Electromagnetism is basically a conjecture of a combined expression of an underlying force, known as "electromagnetic force." This force can be seen when an electric charge is moving. This movement produces magnetism. This idea was presented by James Clerk Maxwell who published the theory of electricity and magnetism in 1865. Based on this theory many applications and other effects were discovered by other scientists. Electromagnetism has been extended to the area of quantum physics as well where light propagates as a wave and interacts as a particle.

It has been proved that electricity can give rise to magnetism and vice versa. A very simple example is that of an "electric transformer." The exchanges take place inside the transformer that gives rise to electromagnetic waves. Another fact about these waves is that they do not need a medium to propagate although their speed is relatively slower when traveling through transparent substances

What is Electromagnetic Waves?

Electromagnetic waves were first discovered by James Clerk Maxwell and they were confirmed after wards by Heinrich Hertz. Afterward, a wave form of electric and magnetic equations was derived by Maxwell which showed that the electric and magnetic fields had wave-like nature. The factors which differentiate electromagnetic waves from each other are frequency, amplitude and polarization. For example, a laser beam is coherent and the radiation is of only one frequency. There are other types of waves varying with their frequencies such as radio waves which are at very low frequencies and gamma rays and x-rays of very high frequency. Electromagnetic waves can propagate to very long distances and they are not affected by any kind of obstacles whether they are huge walls or towers.

This special interaction of electricity and magnetism has led to great advancements in modern science and technology, and efforts are being made to discover more about electromagnetism and its applications. Other forces are gravitational forces, strong and weak forces. Electromagnetism has also been combined with the weak force which is known as "Electroweak force."

Applications of Electromagnetism:

Electromagnetism has numerous applications in today's world of science and physics. The very basic application of electromagnetism is in the use of motors. The motor has a switch that continuously switches the polarity of the outside of motor. An electromagnet does the same thing. We can change the direction by simply reversing the current. The inside of the motor has an electromagnet, but the current is controlled in such a way that the outside magnet repels it.

Another very useful application of electromagnetism is the "CAT scan machine." This machine is usually used in hospitals to diagnose a disease. As we know that current is present in our body and the stronger the current, the strong is the magnetic field. This scanning technology is able to pick up the magnetic fields, and it can be easily identified where there is a great amount of electrical activity inside the body.

The work of the human brain is based on electromagnetism. Electrical impulses cause the operations inside the brain and it has some magnetic field. When two magnetic fields cross each other inside the brain, interference occurs which is not healthy for the brain.

What are Superconductors?

Superconductors are the materials whose conductivity tends to infinite as resistivity tends to zero at critical temperature (transition temperature).

Critical temperature (Tc): The temperature at which a conductor becomes a superconductor is known as critical temperature.

Critical Magnetic Field (Hc): The magnetic field required to convert the superconductor into a conductor is known as critical magnetic field.

Critical magnetic field is related with critical temperature as:

Hc(T) = Hc(0)[1 – T2/Tc2]

Meissner Effect:

Suppose there is a conductor placed in a magnetic field at temperature T (refer figure). Then the temperature is decreased till the critical temperature. See what happened (figure). Lines of force are expelled from the superconductor. This is called Meissner effect.

B is not 0 at T > Tc B=0 at T < Tc

Definition Meissner Effect: The expulsion of magnetic lines of force from a superconducting specimen when it is cooled below the critical temperature is called Meissner effect.

To prove that superconductors are diamagnetic by nature:

B is not 0 at T > Tc B=0 at T < Tc

As B = µ0 (H +M)

Where B is magnetic induction or magnetic flux density,

H is applied magnetic field or magnetic field intensity

And M is intensity of magnetization.

For superconductors B = 0

Thus either µ0 = 0 or H + M = 0

But µ0 can not be zero,

Thus H + M =0

Or M = -H (1)

By definition of magnetic susceptibility

X = M/H

Put equation (1)

Thus X = -1

But magnetic susceptibility is negative for diamagnetic materials, thus it proves that superconductors are diamagnetic by nature.

What is a particle accelerator?

A particle accelerator is a machine that accelerates elementary particles, such as electrons or protons, to very high energies. On a basic level, particle accelerators produce beams of charged particles that can be used for a variety of research purposes. There are two basic types of particle accelerators: linear accelerators and circular accelerators. Linear accelerators propel particles along a linear, or straight, beam line. Circular accelerators propel particles around a circular track. Linear accelerators are used for fixed-target experiments, whereas circular accelerators can be used for both colliding beam and fixed target experiments.

How does a particle accelerator work?

Particle accelerators use electric fields to speed up and increase the energy of a beam of particles, which are steered and focused by magnetic fields. The particle source provides the particles, such as protons or electrons, that are to be accelerated. The beam of particles travels inside a vacuum in the metal beam pipe. The vacuum is crucial to maintaining an air and dust free environment for the beam of particles to travel unobstructed. Electromagnets steer and focus the beam of particles while it travels through the vacuum tube.

Electric fields spaced around the accelerator switch from positive to negative at a given frequency, creating radio waves that accelerate particles in bunches. Particles can be directed at a fixed target, such as a thin piece of metal foil, or two beams of particles can be collided. Particle detectors record and reveal the particles and radiation that are produced by the collision between a beam of particles and the target.

How have accelerators contributed to basic science?

Particle accelerators are essential tools of discovery for particle and nuclear physics and for sciences that use x-rays and neutrons, a type of neutral subatomic particle.

Particle physics, also called high-energy physics, asks basic questions about the universe. With particle accelerators as their primary scientific tools, particle physicists have achieved a profound understanding of the fundamental particles and physical laws that govern matter, energy, space and time.

Over the last four decades, light sources -- accelerators producing photons, the subatomic particle responsible for electromagnetic radiation -- and the sciences that use them have made dramatic advances that cut across many fields of research. Today, there are now about 10,000 scientists in the United States using x-ray beams for research in physics and chemistry, biology and medicine, Earth sciences, and many more aspects of materials science and development.

Now to the real deal!!

Superconducting Electromagnetic Hyperaccelerator:

This device can theoretically be used to accelerate craft, composed primarily of electromagnetic material to extreme velocities, quite possible Near-Light Speed.
The Hyperacellerator is based on particle accelerator technology, adapted to increase velocity of a craft.
The device is composed of 3 primary parts: The Magnetic Field Accelerator, the Superconducting Containment Field Waveguide, and the Electromagnetic Craft.
To achieve hypervelocity: Build a large ring in space, equipped with electromagnets that are programmed to activate exactly in the manner of a traditional particle accelerator, using timed pulses to 'push' an Electromagnetic Craft. This first construction is the Magnetic Accelerator.

The path of the craft will be confined by the Superconducting Containment Field Waveguide. Construct two superconducting rings, larger that the particle accelerator-like ring, and position them parallel to the Magnetic Accelerator, one above, and one below the horizontal plane of the Magnetic Accelerator, as seen in the diagram on the cover of this document. This second construction will produce the Containment Field.
The Containment Field is the result of the confluence of torus-shaped diamagnetic force emanated by the two parallel superconducting rings. The Containment Field should be aligned to form the shape of a double-torus, with intersecting fields of influence. This will result in an invisible 'groove' of diamagnetic force, causing the accelerating Electromagnetic Craft to maintain a circular course as it accelerates.
Build an Electromagnetic Craft. The craft must be electromagnetic, in order to be accelerated by the Magnetic Accelerator, and to be trapped within the Containment Field by the Meissner Effect.
Once all 3 elements are constructed, stage the Electromagnetic Craft within the bounds of the Containment Field, in appropriate proximity to the Magnetic Accelerator. Activate the Magnetic Accelerator. The Electromagnetic Craft may require an initial 'push' to start it along its circular path, motivated further by the pulsing electromagnets of the Magnetic Accelerator.*
The Electromagnetic Craft will accelerate, traveling along the inside 'groove' caused by the confluence of vertically-adjacent torus-shaped fields present in the Containment Field.
When the desired velocity is attained, deactivate the Magnetic Accelerator. Then, to launch the Electromagnetic Craft, calculate the optimum moment to deactivate the Containment Field, sending the craft traveling towards its destination at hypervelocity, and do so.
*Velocity must be increased gradually, to prevent damaging G forces.

References and additional Research
Applications of Electromagnetism, http://www.exampleessays.com/viewpaper/19454.html

Electromagnetism, http://www.lightandmatter.com/html_books/0sn/ch11/ch11.html

Electromagnetism, http://www.howmagnetswork.com/Electromagnetism.html
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/electromagnetism

Superconductors,
http://winnerscience.com/tag/what-are-superconductors/

Particle Accelerators,
https://energy.gov/articles/how-particle-accelerators-work
https://home.cern/about/how-accelerator-works

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