做爬虫抓取时,我们经常会碰到网站针对IP地址封锁的反爬虫策略。但只要有大量可用的代理IP资源,问题自然迎刃而解。
以前尝试过自己抓取网络上免费代理IP来搭建代理池,可免费IP质量参差不齐,不仅资源少、速度慢,而且失效快,满足不了快速密集抓取的需求。
收费代理提供的代理资源质量明显提升,经过多家测试,最终选定使用四叶天代理作为代理提供平台。
四叶天代理IP(a-2.cn)平台每天能提供大概200万个不重复的短效高匿代理,每个代理存活期为1-30分钟,总IP数有200多万,IP数量足够使用。价套餐灵活,按照ip数量与时长计费,可以按照日结,周结与月结,还有半年及一年的套餐可供选择。只要能满足项目要求,提供优质稳定的服务,这些成本值得付出。
四叶天免费的代理ip中, 过滤后剩下的ip的访问成功率基本在98%+
第一、其实最简单的方式就是根据服务器开放的端口来判断, 如果服务器有开放80, 3389, 3306, 22之类的端口, 那么说明服务器还有别的服务在运行, 挂掉的几率很小, 如果是政府、学校的服务器, 那么更加稳定。当然也有可能开放别的端口
第二、服务器的访问速度判断, 需要访问多个不同的网址, 来取平均数, 这样的访问速度才比较稳
第三、代理ip的存活时间, 越长越稳定, 当然这个是在你搭建抓取后, 来进行计算。
第四、代理类型的重新检测, 通过访问不同的http和https网站, 判断代理到底是http还是https, 并且进行划分, http的代理, 那就访问http网址的时候使用, https的代理给https访问提供服务, 这样访问的几率才能提高。
所以根据这几点, 我重新写了一套代理ip池的项目, 目前抓取ip 4500+, 长期稳定的ip在1200+左右, 虽然少,但是相当稳定。
#代理ip池实现过程#
1.首先获取代理平台提供的代理服务器资源
o建议购买短效代理,购买后在后台获取API地址并设置IP白名单等参数
2.将获取到的代理服务器写入squid配置文件
o解析网站提供的代理服务器,按照一定规则写入/etc/squid/squid.conf
3.重新配置squid
o写入配置文件之后重新加载最新的文件,不会造成中断
4.自动更新,重复1-3
o由于网站提供的代理存活时间只有1-30分钟(由套餐决定),所以需要每隔一段时间重新获取一批新IP。
以上就是关于代理ip的搭建,作为多年的爬虫师,还是比较推荐四叶天代理ip(a-2.cn),没体验过的可以去试试,不管是连通率还是速度都是很不错的。
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