The Euro (€) is the official currency of the Eurozone, which consists of 19 out of the 27 member states of the European Union (EU). It is also used by several other European countries and territories, either as their official currency or as a de facto currency. The Euro was introduced as an electronic currency in 1999 and as physical coins and banknotes in 2002. It replaced the national currencies of the participating countries, such as the Deutsche Mark, French Franc, Italian Lira, and others. The Euro is managed by the European Central Bank (ECB) and the Eurosystem, which is comprised of the central banks of the Eurozone countries. The Euro is divided into 100 cents, and it is issued in the form of coins (1 cent, 2 cents, 5 cents, 10 cents, 20 cents, 50 cents, €1, and €2) and banknotes (€5, €10, €20, €50, €100, €200, and €500). The design of the banknotes features architectural styles from different periods in Europe's history, while the coins display common European designs on one side and country-specific designs on the other. The Euro is widely used for international transactions and is considered one of the major reserve currencies in the world. It has facilitated trade and economic integration within the Eurozone, making it easier for businesses and individuals to conduct transactions across borders. However, not all EU member states have adopted the Euro as their currency. Some countries, like the United Kingdom and Sweden, have chosen to retain their national currencies (the Pound Sterling and the Swedish Krona, respectively). Exchange rates between the Euro and other currencies fluctuate regularly in the foreign exchange market, influenced by factors such as economic
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