What Kind Of Science Lies Behind The Thunderstorm Lightning And Extreme Weathers?

Thunderstorms are formed when the warm and humid currents continue to soar upwards and upward, creating a huge and menacing cloud that you see on the ground. Thunderstorm clouds sometimes flood you, but sometimes a single thunderstorm can absorb the surrounding airstream to create a supercell thunderstorm.

The Science Behind Thunderstorm lightning

These incredibly powerful storms last up to several hours and are also the culprits of the largest tornadoes in the United States and many large-scale hail of golf balls. In this photo, you can see a lightning storm in a super monomer storm whose dazzling light shines like a milky cloud on a small earth.

Thunderstorms are formed when the warm and humid currents continue to soar upwards and upward, creating a huge and menacing cloud that you see on the ground.
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The most beautiful and popular star on the stage of a thunderstorm is the Lightning: they are dazzling and destructive. There are 4 million lightning strikes a day in the world, and lightning can change the topography - causing fires in isolated forest areas can also paralyze the city. For example, a lightning strike on a power plant in Brazil has resulted in a total blackout in Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro 97 million people were affected, completely paralyzing the two major cities. Lightning can even kill you if you are standing in an improper position during a thunderstorm.

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As a powerful and relatively frequent phenomenon, in the history, the bizarre and mysterious nature of lightning led to both extreme fear and dedication. Derek M. Elsom wrote it in his new book Lightning: Nature and Culture A detailed description. In ancient Mesopotamian, Roman, Indian and Chinese cultures, mystical forms of goddess of stormy gods with moody moods were held up and their lighters were lifted up to kill those silly, foolish, enraged mortal. Even so, lightning still has a fascinating cultural charm. In movies like Frankenstein, Scots on Dracula, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, the appearance of lightning usually marks the birth of monsters and the death of bad guys. But what is the science behind this fascinating myth?

It seems that the question of why lightning happens is still a mystery, but scientists have been able to explain how lightning has taken shape. The unusually stunning appearance of lightning is the result of a combination of factors that originated from the potential difference between the earth and the atmosphere. We actually live in a giant capacitor made up of a positively charged outer atmosphere and a negatively charged ground, and you do not seem to feel the charge on sunny days because the surrounding atmosphere does not automatically Discharge to disturb you. However, when the thunderstorm begins to swell, everything will be a mess.

Warm air began to rise to cooler areas, and slowly condense, resulting in dark and heavy thunderstorms. During the formation of the cloud, the charge will move almost crazy. If you can see the inside of a thunderstorm, you will see positively charged particles bunched to the top and negatively charged particles stacked up to the bottom. The negative charge in the cloud is so strong that it repels the naturally occurring negative charges to the depths of the ground leaving room for the positive charge field that signals the arrival of a thunderstorm.

Finally, Lightning will debut once the opposite charge reaches its point of explosion. Accumulation and storage of electricity eventually cleave the air that is normally an insulator. The negative aisle, known as the leader, extends down to the ground, while the positive aisle, called a "streamer," quickly meets the negative aisle. When they collide, the violent discharge burns up and down through both channels. These different forms of charge exchange appear to you as lightning. When you look at the pictures in the gallery in amazement, you may be lucky that you are outside thunderstorms.

For the first time scientists have confirmed that human activities have led to some extreme weather

For the first time ever, climatologists have determined that extreme weather can never happen without the warming caused by human activity.
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In 2017, unusual weather continued to emerge. In August, a dull heat wave, Lucifer, suffocated Europe, followed by a series of mighty Atlantic hurricanes that hit the Americas. Now, off-season, hot weather has caused California's mountain fire. Faced with these extreme weather, people often ask the question: Should we blame global warming?

The basic theory is that climate change will lead to more extreme weather, but it is difficult to link up with separate events. There was a time when typical responses were generally accompanied by "maybe, but hard to say." For the first time ever, climatologists have determined that some extreme weather can never happen without the warming caused by human activity.

This assertion often seldom goes to academic journals, but in the annual special issue of the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society published this month, it appears in three of the study's triggers for extreme weather In the paper. If these results stand in the way, its significance can be profound and disturbing. Rather, natural change has always been a major factor influencing the weather, but it is true that some of the most extreme weather phenomena, and the effects they cause, have to be on our shoulders.

One of the studies focused on the hottest year ever recorded - 2016. A model study led by NASA scientists simulated a baseline without human-induced greenhouse gases and compared it with temperature records. Of the seven climate models that simulated the baseline, there was not as much heat as in 2016. Greenhouse gas emissions, mainly fossil fuel combustion, are the prerequisites for this heat generation. In addition, the study shows that by the impact of greenhouse gases, manmade warming has caused the climate to go beyond the natural range of fluctuations around 1980.

Another study from the annual issue of the American Meteorological Society Bulletin confirms that global warming was the culprit of the heat wave in 2016 covering South and Southeast Asia. In India, at least 580 people were killed in the heat of March-May. On April 28, Thailand hit an all-time high of 44.6 ° C. As people begin to use air conditioners for safety, energy consumption across the region has reached record levels. The El Niño phenomenon may exacerbate the situation, the study said, but the temperature "would never have been so high if no one was warming."

The El Nino effect
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Researchers in the third study reached similar conclusions, focusing mainly on the ocean warming in the Gulf of Alaska and the Bering Sea, beginning in 2014 and culminating last year. El Niño may be involved, but global warming is the initial cause and far-reaching. Alaska's river breaks ice ahead of previous years; the loss of sea ice affects fishing; toxic plankton multiply, reducing shellfish harvests, and tens of thousands of seabirds may die from starvation.

No matter the global warming, extreme weather will appear. Of the 131 studies in extreme weather published by BAMS in the past six years, 35% found that global warming did not play a significant role. However, the latest research shows that the current climate is entering an unknown range, which means the future weather will deviate more and more from historical standards. From this perspective, under our influence, the weather will change in a new way that we can not fully understand.

The solution was clear more than two decades ago: the government needs to take positive action to control its greenhouse gas emissions. By connecting global warming to the real-world phenomenon, scientists have provided further evidence to citizens and political leaders that climate change is a clear and current crisis rather than a distant one for future generations Threats.

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References for Text:

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry_thunderstorm
• https://www.nssl.noaa.gov/education/svrwx101/thunderstorms/
• https://eden.uktv.co.uk/nature/earth/article/thunder-and-lightning-facts/
• http://www.rhfleet.org/shows/extreme-weather
• https://phys.org/news/2017-05-extreme-weather-global.html

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