Simple Quantum Physics: What Holds The Universe Together

With the help of quantum physics, We know well what the world is made of from : Quarks and Leptons.

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But how is the world tied together? Why do quarks make protons / neutras together? How protons are neutron by atom, molecules from atoms, substances from molecules, substances from planets, stars, galaxies and universes?

Four basic responses

quarks. Leptons and 4 basic responses
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Under the limitations of our own information, the existence of our beloved universe is because the basic particles interact with each other. These reactions include the combination of decay and inhalition, with attraction and repulsion.

There are four fundamental reactions in the middle of the particles and the forces of the entire world can be understood by these four reactions.

Yes it is right, only four responses! Any force you think, friction, magnetism, gravity, nuclear decay and others .. All of this is the result of one of these four basic reactions.

What is the difference between reaction and force?

It is difficult to differentiate between the two. Properly, the force generated by the presence of another particle by one particle is influenced. All forces are involved in mutual reaction of particles, but in reaction the decay and destruction of particles are also included. In the next part we will see the decay and destruction of particles in detail.

The reason for confusion is that most people, most scientists also use "force" and "interaction" in place of each other. For mutual reaction of particles the reaction of force is the more correct word. We can say that the particles that react to "force carrier partilces" are called. The result of mutual reaction of the particles is the force of force. You can use these two words instead of one another, but you should be clear the difference between these two.

How does the substance react mutually?

There has been a complicated question in the mind of physicists for centuries ....

How do particles mutually react?

Magnetic reaction
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The problem is that their mutual reaction is also without touching each other. How do two magnet know each other's presence and how to attract or repel each other? How does the sun attract the earth?

We know the answer that it is due to "magnetism" and "gravity". But what is this force?

At the basic level, one force does not have any effect on any particle. It is an object to exchange between two particles.

Invisible effect

You can compare forces with the following situation:

Two people are standing on the ice surface. A person throws a basket in his hand towards the other person. According to the Third Law of Neutron, the person will also go back as a result of the throwing process. When the other person catches that ball, it will force the opponent to the speed of the basketball, in response he will also go back. In this way, both people will go away from each other in the exchange of balls. Look at this on the skate grounds. After throwing the ball you will go back. You can do this even by standing on a smooth surface.

Repulsive force

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Similar effects are also made to the forces of the forces between the particles, they transmit force carrier particles. These heterozygous particles act as basketball between particles, whereas the particle particles are like these two individuals. Which we consider to be the "force" used, the substance of the exchange of forceful particles is only an effect on the particles.

Attraction force

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The picture of the basil hair thrower is only explaining the repulsive force, this can not be interpreted as the behavior of the forces of attraction by exchanging force carrier particles. In order to understand the attraction forces, we need to replace basketball with a sticky ball. In the exchange of this sticky ball, the viscosity of the ball will bring both of them closer. But note that quantum physics is based on complex mathematical models, it is a bit difficult to understand every aspect of such examples.

We look at examples of charismatic forces such as magnet and gravity in everyday life, and we believe that the presence of a body has its effect only on the other objects. This creates another intriguing question, how can two objects affect each other without touching them? For this, we suggest that invisible forces are actually produced by the exchange of force carrier particles. Particle physicists have certified with incredible accuracy that the force applied on one particle by another particle is generated by the exchange of forceful particles.

An important fact should be taken into account that a special force carrier particle can be absorbed or absorbed by a particle in the same condition when the particle particle that is affected by the force carrier particle. For example, electrons and protons have electric charge, so they can emit / absorb the electromagnetic force carrier particle photons. Neutrinos do not have electric charge, they can not emit / absorb photons.

Electro-Magnetism

Electromagnet
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Electromagnetic force produces attraction in repetition and opposite charge in the same charge. Many forces of daily friction such as friction and magnetism are also due to electromagnetic force. For example, the force that prevents you from falling across the floor or the crossing of the wall is also an electromagnetic force that produces repulsion in the atoms of your body atoms and floors (or walls) prevents you from going through.

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The carrier is the particle photon (γ) of electromagnetic force. Photons on different energies are spread over electromagnet spectrum, which also includes X ray, visible light, radio wave.

The mass of the photon is zero and it moves from the light (c), the value of c is about 300,000,000 meters / second in vacuum.

Residual electro-magnetism

Residual electromagnetism
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Generally, atoms have the same number of protons and electrons. They are electrically neutral because the positive charge of the proton is canceled by the negative electron. When they are indifferent, how do permanent molecules build?

The answer is a bit strange: it has been found that the charged portion of an atom can react with the charged portion of the other atom. It is possible to connect different atoms with each other. This effect is called residual electromagnetic force.

In this way the electromagnet force which builds molecules by binding atoms, is bound to be tied together with the world and the formation of matter. It's amazing!

So we came to understand that how the atom makes molecules and substances in bondage! But how do the protons, neutrons and electrons inside the atoms remain tied?

Sources Used:

• The Standard Model Shows How Elementary Particles Interact
• Quarks & Leptons
• Standard Model Of Particle Physics
• The Origin of Mass

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