The King who revolted against the superstitious old rites

in story •  7 years ago 

The King who revolted against the superstitious old rites
"အယူသီးေသာ ေရွးေဟာင္းဓေလ့ထံုးစံမ်ားကို တြန္းလွန္ဖယ္ရွားသည့္ ရွင္ဘုရင္"

Once on a time when Brahmadatta was reigning in Benaies, the Bodhisatta was reborn in the womb of the Queen Consort. When he was born, he was named Prince Brahmadatta on his name-day. By sixteen years of age he had been well educated atTakkasila, had learned the Three Vedas by heart, and was versed in the Eighteen Branches of Knowledge. And his father made him a Viceroy.

ေရွးအခါက ဗာရာဏသီျပည္တြင္ ျဗဟၼဒတ္မင္းၾကီး ထီးနန္းစိုးစံစဥ္ ဘုရားေလာင္သည္ ထိုမင္းၾကီး၏ ၾကင္ရာေတာ္မိဖုရား ဝမ္းၾကာတိုက္၌ ပဋိသေႏၶယူခဲ့သည္။ ဖြားျမင္ျပီး၍ နာမည္ေပး ကင္ပြန္းတပ္ေသာေန႔တြင္ "ျဗဟၼဒတ္မင္းသား" ဟု အမည္မွည့္ေခၚၾက၏။ သူသည္ အသက္ဆယ့္ေျခာက္ႏွစ္အ႐ြယ္တြင္ တကၠသိုလ္ျပည္၌ ပညာသင္ယူခဲ့၏။ ေဝဒသံုးက်မ္းကို အလြတ္ရသည့္အထိ သင္ယူႏိုင္ခဲ့သည့္အျပင္ အ႒ရသအတတ္ ဆယ့္ရွစ္ရပ္ကိုပါ တတ္ေျမာက္ကၽြမ္းက်င္ခဲ့သည္။ ဖခင္ျဖစ္သူက သူ႔ကို အိမ္ေရွ႕မင္းအျဖစ္ အပ္ႏွင္းခဲ့သည္။

Now in those days the Benares folk were much given to festivals to 'gods,' and used to shew honour to 'gods.' It was their wont to massacre numbers of sheep, goats, poultry, swine, and other living creatures, and perform their rites not merely with flowers and perfumes but with gory carcasses. Thought the destined Lord of Mercy to himself, "Led astray by superstition, men now wantonly sacrifice life ; the multitude are for the most part given up to irreligion : but when at my father's death I succeed to my inheritance, I will find means to end such destruction of life." I will devise some clever stratagem whereby the evil shall be stopped without harming a single human being."

ထိုေခတ္အခ်ိန္က ဗာရာဏသီျပည္သားမ်ားသည္ ဗလိနတ္စာတင္ေျမွာက္ပြဲ က်င္းပျပီး နတ္ေဒဝါမ်ားကို ပူေဇာ္ေလ့ရွိၾကသည္။ ယင္းပြဲေတာ္သည္ သိုးမ်ား၊ ဆိတ္မ်ား၊ ၾကက္ငွက္မ်ား၊ ဝက္မ်ားႏွင့္ အျခားတိရစၧာန္ကို အစုလိုက္ အျပံဳလိုက္ သတ္ျဖတ္ေသာ အေလ့အက်င့္ျဖစ္သည္။ ပန္းမ်ား၊ အေမႊးနံ႔သာမ်ားႏွင့္ ပူေဇာ္ရံုသာမက ေသြးအလိမ္းလိမ္းထြက္ေနေသာ တိရစၧာန္အေသေကာင္မ်ားႏွင့္ပါ ရိုးရာဓေလ့ထံုးစံကို လုပ္ေဆာင္ၾကသည္။ ၾကင္နာသနားတတ္ေသာ မင္းသားသည္ တစ္ေနရာသို႔ သြားလာရင္း "အယူသီးျပီး လမ္းလြဲေနၾကတယ္။ လူေတြဟာ အေၾကာင္းမဲ့သက္သက္ အသက္သတ္ျဖတ္ျပီး ယဇ္ပူေဇာ္ေနတယ္။ လူအမ်ားအျပားဟာ ဘုရားမဲ့ဝါဒေအာက္ ေရာက္ေနၾကတယ္။ ငါ့ ခမည္းေတာ္ နတ္႐ြာစံလို႔ ငါ ထီးနန္းအေမြဆက္ခံျပီးရင္ေတာ့ အသက္သတ္ျဖတ္မႈ အဆံုးသတ္သြားေအာင္ နည္းလမ္းရွာမယ္။ လူတစ္ေယာက္ကိုမွ ထိခိုက္ညွင္းဆဲျခင္း မျပဳဘဲ မေကာင္းမႈေတြ ရပ္သြားေစမယ့္ လိမၼာပါးနပ္တဲ့ ပရိယာယ္နည္းကို ငါ တီထြင္ၾကံဆမယ္" ဟု တစ္ကိုယ္တည္း စဥ္းစားေန၏။

In this mood the prince one day mounted his chariot and drove out of the city. On the way he saw a crowd gathered together at a holy banyan-tree, praying to the fairy who had been reborn in that tree, to grant them sons and daughters, honour and wealth, each according to his heart's desire. Alighting from his chariot the Bodhisatta drew near to the tree and behaved as a worshipper so far as to make offerings of perfumes and flowers, sprinkling the tree with water, and pacing reverently round its trunk. Then mounting his chariot again, he went his way back into the city.

ဤသို႔ ဆႏၵရွိေနေသာ မင္းသားသည္ တစ္ေန႔တြင္ ျမင္းရထားစီးလွ်က္ ျမိဳ႔ထဲသို႔ ထြက္လာခဲ့၏။ လမ္းခရီးတြင္ အထြတ္အျမတ္ထားေသာ ေညာင္ပင္ၾကီး တစ္ပင္၌ စု႐ံုးျပီး တစ္ဦးခ်င္း ဆႏၵရွိသည့္အတိုင္း သားသမီးမ်ား၊ ဂုဏ္ထူးဝိေသသမ်ား၊ ဥစၥာဓနမ်ား ရရွိရန္ သစ္ပင္ေစာင့္ ရုကၡစိုးနတ္ထံ ဆုေတာင္းေနေသာ လူမ်ားကို ေတြ႔ျမင္သြားသည္။ ဘုရားေလာင္းသည္ ျမင္းရထားေပၚမွ ဆင္းလိုက္ျပီး သစ္ပင္အနီးသို႔ ခ်ဥ္းကပ္သည္။ သစ္ပင္ကို အေမြးနံ႔သာမ်ား၊ ပန္းမ်ားတင္လွဴကာ ေရျဖင့္ ျဖန္းပက္မည့္ ယဇ္ပူေဇာ္သူတစ္ဦးကဲ့သို႔ ဣေျႏၵရရ ေနျပီး ပင္စည္ကို တရိုတေသ ပတ္ေလွ်ာက္၏။ ထို႔ေနာက္ ျမင္းရထားစီးကာ ျမိဳ႕တြင္းသို႔ ျပန္လာခဲ့သည္။

Thenceforth the prince made like journeys from time to time to the tree, and worshipped it like a true believer in 'gods.' In due course, when his father died, the Bodhisatta ruled in his stead. Shunning the evil deeds, and practising the ten royal virtues, he ruled his people in righteousness. And now that his desire had come to pass and he was king, the Bodhisatta set himself to fulfil his former resolve. So he called together his ministers, the brahmins, the gentry, and the other orders of the people, and asked the assembly whether they knew how he had made himself king. But no man could tell.

ထိုအခါမွစ၍ ေနာင္တြင္ မင္းသားသည္ ထိုသစ္ပင္သို႔ အၾကိမ္ၾကိမ္ ခရီးသြားဟန္ျပဳျပီး အမွန္တကယ္ နတ္ကိုးကြယ္သူတစ္ဦးကဲ့သို႔ ကိုးကြယ္ေလသည္။ ခမည္းေတာ္ နတ္႐ြာစံေသာအခါ ယင္း၏ အရိုက္အရာကို ဆက္ခံကာ တိုင္းျပည္အုပ္ခ်ဳပ္မင္းလုပ္ခဲ့သည္။ သူသည္ ဒုစရိုက္အမႈမ်ားမွ ေရွာင္က်ဥ္၍ တိုင္းသူျပည္သားမ်ားကို မင္းက်င့္တရား ဆယ္ပါးႏွင့္အညီ တရားသျဖင့္ အုပ္ခ်ဳပ္၏။ ဘုရားေလာင္းသည္ သူ၏ ဆႏၵေအာင္ျမင္ျပီး ရွင္ဘုရင္ျဖစ္လာသျဖင့္ ယခင္ ဆံုးျဖတ္ခ်က္ ျပီးေျမာက္ေအာင္ စတင္လိုက္သည္။ သူသည္ ဝန္ၾကီးမ်ား၊ ပုဏၰားမ်ား၊ သူေဌးမ်ားႏွင့္ အျခား အလႊာအသီးသီးမွ လူမ်ားကို ဆင့္ေခၚျပီး သူ ဘယ္လိုနည္းႏွင့္ ရွင္ဘုရင္ျဖစ္လာသလဲဆိုတာ သိသလားဟု တစ္ဖြဲ႕လံုးကို ေမးျမန္းလိုက္သည္။ မည္သူမွ မေလွ်ာက္တင္ဝန္႔ၾကေပ။

" Have you ever seen me reverently worshipping a banyan-tree with perfumes and the like, and bowing down before it?"
"Sire, we have," said they.
"Well, I was making a vow ; and the vow was that, if ever I became king, I would offer a sacrifice to that tree. And now that by help of the god I have come to be king, I will offer my promised sacrifice. So prepare it with all speed."
" what " But are we to make it of"
" My vow," said the king, " was this : —All such as are addicted to the Five Sins, to wit the slaughter of living creatures and so forth, and all such as commit the Ten Paths of Unrighteousness, them will I slay, and with their flesh and their blood, with their entrails and their vitals, I will make my offering.

"ငါကိုယ္ေတာ္အရွင္ျမတ္ ေညာင္ပင္ကို အေမႊးနံ႔သာမ်ား၊ အလားတူပစၥည္းမ်ားျဖင့္ တရိုတေသ ပူေဇာ္ျပီး ယင္းအပင္ေရွ႕မွာ ဦးညႊတ္ဂါရဝျပဳတာကို ျမင္ဘူးၾကသလား" ဟု ေမးျမန္းျပန္၏။
"မွန္လွပါ ျမင္ဘူးပါတယ္" ဟု ေလွ်ာက္တင္ၾက၏။
"ေကာင္းျပီ ဘုရင္ျဖစ္ရင္ သစ္ပင္ကို ယဇ္ပူေဇာ္မယ္လို႔ ငါကိုယ္ေတာ္ အဓိ႒ာန္ျပဳထားတယ္။ ရုကၡစိုးနတ္ရဲ႕ ကူညီေစာင္မမႈနဲ႔ အခုလို ဘုရင္ျဖစ္လာတဲ့အတြက္ ကတိေပးထားတဲ့ ဗလိနတ္စာပူေဇာ္မႈ ေဆာင္႐ြက္မယ္။ အျမန္ဆံုး ျပင္ဆင္ၾကပါ"။
"ကၽြန္ေတာ္မ်ိဳးတို႔ ဘာမ်ားစီစဥ္ ေဆာင္႐ြက္ေပးရမလဲ"။
"ငါဘုရင္မင္းျမတ္ရဲ႕ အဓိ႒ာန္က ဒီလိုပါ။ သတၱဝါေတြကို သတ္ျဖတ္ျခင္းစတဲ့ ကံငါးပါး ေဖာက္ဖ်က္သူ အားလံုးႏွင့္ ဒုစရိုက္ဆယ္ပါး က်ဴးလြန္သူမ်ားကို ေသဒဏ္ေပးျပီး သူတို႔ရဲ႕ အသားေတြ၊ အေသြးေတြ၊ ကလီစာေတြ၊ ကိုယ္ခႏၶာအစိတ္အပိုင္းေတြနဲ႔ ယဇ္ပူေဇာ္မႈ ျပဳမယ္ဆိုတာပါပဲ"။

So proclaim by beat of drum that our lord the king in the days of his viceroyalty vowed that if ever he became king he would slay, and offer up in a sacrifice, all such of his subjects as break the Commandments. And now the king wills to slay one thousand of such as are addicted to the Five Sins or commit the Ten Paths of Unrighteousness ; with the hearts and the flesh of the thousand shall a sacrifice be made in the god's honour. Proclaim this that all may know throughout the city. Of those that transgress after this date," added the king, " will I slay a thousand, and offer them as a sacrifice to the god in discharge of my vow." Obedient to the king's commands, the ministers had proclamation made by beat of drum accordingly throughout the length and breadth of Benares

ဒါေၾကာင့္ ဘုရင္မင္းျမတ္သည္ သူဘုရင္ျဖစ္လွ်င္ သီလေဖာက္ဖ်က္သူကဲ့သို႔ ေဖာ္ျပပါ ပုဂၢိဳလ္မ်ားကို သတ္၍ ယဇ္ပူေဇာ္မည္ဟု အိမ္ေရွ႕စံဘဝ အခ်ိန္ကတည္က အဓိ႒ာန္ျပဳထားသည္။ ယခုအခ်ိန္မွစ၍ ငါးပါးသီလေဖာက္ဖ်က္သူ၊ ဒုစရိုက္ဆယ္ပါး က်ဴးလြန္သူ လူတစ္ေထာင္ကို သတ္ျပီး အသည္းႏွလံုး တစ္ေထာင္၊ အေသြးအသားတစ္ေထာင္ျဖင့္ ရုကၡစိုးနတ္ကို ပူေဇာ္မည့္ ဘုရင္မင္းျမတ္၏ ဆႏၵေတာ္ကို အေကာင္အထည္ေဖာ္ေဆာင္မည္။ တစ္ျမိဳ႕လံုး သိေစရန္ ဤအမိန္႔ေတာ္ကို ထုတ္ျပန္လိုက္သည္။ဤအမိန္႔ေၾကျငာခ်က္ထုတ္သည့္ေန႔မွစ၍ ဥပေဒကို ေဖာက္ဖ်က္က်ဴးလြန္သူ လူတစ္ေထာင္အား ငါဘုရင္မင္းျမတ္ အဓိ႒ာန္ရွိထားသည့္အတိုင္း ေသဒဏ္ေပး၍ ဗလိနတ္စာေကၽြးမည္" ဟု အမိန္႔ေတာ္ရွိလိုက္သည္။ ဝန္ၾကီးမ်ားသည္ ဘုရင့္အမိန္႔ေတာ္ကို နာခံျပီး ဗာရာဏီသီျမိဳ႕၏ ေနရာ အႏွံ႔အျပားသို႔ စည္ေတာ္တီး၍ ေၾကျငာထုတ္ျပန္လိုက္သည္။

Such was the effect of the proclamation on the townsfolk that not a soul persisted in the old wickedness. And throughout the Bodhisatta's reign not a man was convicted of transgressing. Thus, without harming asingle one of his subjects, the Bodhisatta made them observe the Commandments. Boddhisattha did alms-giving and other good works at the close of a life of and passed away with his followers to throng the city of the devas.

ျမိဳ႕ေနလူထုထံ အမိန္႔ေၾကျငာခ်က္ထုတ္ျပန္ျခင္း၏ အက်ိဳးဆက္အျဖစ္ ေရွးေဟာင္းအစဥ္လာ ထိခိုက္နစ္နာေစေသာ အမႈမ်ားကို မည္သူမွ် ဆက္မလုပ္ေတာ့ေပ။ ဘုရားေလာင္း မင္းျပဳစိုးစံသည့္ ကာလတစ္ေလွ်ာက္လံုး မည္သူမွ် ဥပေဒကို ေဖာက္ဖ်က္က်ဴးလြန္ျခင္း မရွိေတာ့ေပ။ ဤသို႔ျဖင့္ ဘုရားေလာင္းသည္ အုပ္ခ်ဳပ္ခံလူတစ္ဦးတစ္ေယာက္မွ်ကို မထိခိုက္ေစဘဲ သီလေဆာင့္ထိန္းေအာင္ လုပ္ေဆာင္ခဲ့သည္။ ဘုရားေလာင္းသည္ လွဴဒါန္းေပးကမ္းျခင္း ဒါနစေသာ ကုသိုလ္ေကာင္းမႈမ်ားကို အသက္ထက္ဆံုး ေဆာင္႐ြက္ျပီး နတ္႐ြာစံေသာအခါ ေနာက္လိုက္မ်ားႏွင့္အတူ နတ္ျပည္သို႔ စုျပံဳေရာက္ရွိသြားေတာ့သည္။

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