sugar industry

Sugar as sucrose is obtained from sap, sugar cane, sugar beet, or palm sugar. However, there are other minor sugar sources, such as coconut. Other sweetening sources, such as dahlia bulbs, grapes, or corn grains, also produce a kind of sweetener but not composed of sucrose as the main component. The process for producing sugars includes the extraction stage (extortion) followed by purification by distillation (distillation).

The largest sugar-producing countries are warm climate countries like Australia, Brazil and Thailand. The Indies (now Indonesia) was once the world's major sugar producer in the 1930s, but was subsequently rivaled by a new, more efficient sugar industry. In 2001/2002 sugar produced in developing countries doubled more than sugar produced by developed countries. The biggest sugar producers are Latin America, Caribbean countries and East Asian countries.

As with beet sugar produced in places with cooler climates such as Northwest and East Europe, northern Japan, and some regions of the United States, the bit growing season ends in its harvesting in September. Harvesting and processing continues until March in some cases. The duration of harvesting and processing is influenced by the availability of plants, and the weather. The bits that have been harvested can be stored for further processing, however the frozen bits can no longer be processed.

The largest sugar importer is the European Union (EU). EU agricultural legislation sets the maximum production quota of each member according to demand, supply, and price. Some of this sugar is the "quota" sugar from industry levies, the rest is sugar "quota c" sold at market prices without subsidies. These subsidies and high import taxes make other countries difficult to export to EU countries, or compete with them in world markets. The United States set a high sugar price to support its maker, this has side effects however, many consumers turn to corn syrup (beverage maker) or move from that country (candy maker)

The sugar market is also attacked by the cheap price of glucose syrup. The syrup is produced from corn (maize), By combining it with an artificial sweetener the beverage maker can produce goods at very cheap prices.
Sugar source in Indonesia since the past is a liquid flower (nira) coconut or enau, and liquid stem cane. Sugarcane is a native plant of the archipelago, especially in the east.

When the Dutch began to open colonies on Java Island monoculture sugarcane gardens began to be opened by the landlords in the 17th century, first around Batavia, then flourished eastward.

The peak of the glory of sugarcane plantations was achieved in the early 1930s, with 179 processing plants and three million tons of sugar production per year. The decline in sugar prices due to the economic crisis knocked out the industry and by the end of the decade there were only 35 factories with 500 thousand tons of sugar per year. The situation was somewhat recovered ahead of the Pacific War, with 93 factories and 1.5 million tons prduksi. After World War II, 30 active factories remain. The 1950s witnessed a new activity so that Indonesia became a net exporter. In 1957 all the sugar mills were nationalized and the government greatly regulated this industry. Since 1967 until now Indonesia has become a sugar importer.

Loss of sugar research, sugar factories in Java's technological lags, high consumption levels (including for the soft drinks industry), and lack of investors for sugar cane clearance outside Java are the cause of the difficulty of self-sufficiency in sugar.

In 2002 the target of Self-Sufficiency Sugar 2007 [2] was established. To support the establishment of the Indonesian Sugar Board in 2003 (based on Presidential Decree No. 63/2003 on the Indonesian Sugar Council). This target is then postponed continuously.