The settlement Yeni Dunya cultural and historical center of Odessa region (Ukraine)

The settlement Yeni Dunya (former name "hadzhibey") is one of the most important cultural and historical centres, which was opened by archaeologists in the early 20th century. Materials from the archives, researchers have learned that in this place previously was a Turkish sea port. And the hilly side, flanked the Peninsula, was a small settlement, which was built eponymous fortress Yeni-Dunya, which in translation from Turkic language means "New world".

Historical chronicle

Hacibey is known since the beginning of the 14th century BC, the port settlement located on the shore of Odessa Bay in the South. Its main purpose was shopping the message of sea routes and the exchange of food products.

According to one version of history, this settlement was founded by the Tatars in the mid-14th century. In favor of this version says that the steppe regions in this area was originally the home of various nomadic hordes. In the second half of the 15th century, after the disintegration of the Golden Horde on the banks of the modern settlement decided to stay several Tatar tribes led by the chief of the community Haji. However, the Board Hadji-Bey was short-lived. In 1362, during the battle of Cyanosis of his troops was completely destroyed by the Lithuanian Prince Olgerd.

Due to the fact that the Lithuanian troops occupied the territory of the former Tatar tribes – appeared second version of the origin of this city is Lithuanian. It was radically different from that originally adopted.

According to this variant of the historical records, the settlement hadzhibey arose on the shores of the Gulf of Odessa during the reign of Duke Vytautas (1392 – 1430), when the Northern black sea region became part of the Lithuanian lands. At that time it was called – Kochubei, on behalf of one Lithuanian magnate Kozuby Akushinskogo who moved to these lands together with all his compound and began to shag.

However, in this version, there is another opinion about the origin of the settlement. It is based on little-known written document found in foreign archives – according to my notes, Kuzuba was created in the 15th century. These lands belonged to the genus slejska Iazlovetchi. As its name this place was originally Ukrainian, but modified in Lithuanian style.

The fall of the fortress hadzhibey

During the Russian-Turkish war of 1787 – the fortress Yeni-Dunya became one of the main support bases and sea communications

The main task of the Russian people in this war was the complete expulsion of the enemy troops from the territory of the Dniester and Pridnestrovie, the overlap of the shipping lanes. But it was impossible, if on the territory of Ukraine, in the heart of the Black Sea is one of the main Turkish stronghold, built of stone and well fortified.

Therefore, the commanders of the Russian infantry, it was decided to develop and implement a plan to capture the fortress. In the summer of 1789, when all the preparatory stages have been completed, on the orders of Prince Potemkin to the walls of the fortress was sent three cavalry regiments and foot detachment pulling a few guns.

24 Sep 1789 Ukrainian and Russian troops, hiding in Kryva Balka ravine, opened fire on the enemy building, bombing it almost to the ground. To escape from serfdom, the building was almost impossible, as the Russian troops, led by second-major by Voinovym, blocked the path of retreat, thus opening the main stronghold for the final capture of the fortress.

The settlement Yeni Dunya at the present stage

The settlement Yeni Dunya is one of the most mysterious and interesting socio-cultural, historical sites to explore. His excavations scientists are constantly adding new materials for thought and comparison with the available archival reports.

The former commercial port several times a month to conduct tours for everyone. Tourists with great pleasure get acquainted with the ancient history of the Odessa Region and study the ruins of one of the large, wealthy settlements on the territory of Transnistria.

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