Wilson's disease is a rare genetic disorder that causes copper to accumulate in various organs, particularly the liver, brain, and eyes, leading to various symptoms and complications. It is caused by a mutation in the ATP7B gene, which is responsible for the transport of copper from the liver to the bile ducts for excretion.
Wilson’s disease can be classified into two types which can be Classic Wilson’s disease and Late-onset Wilson’s disease. The first type typically appears in people between the ages of 5 and 35. The second type appears later in life, usually after the age of 40. It is often less severe than classic wilson's disease and may present with fewer symptoms, such as liver disease or neurological problems. In addition to these two main types, there is also a rare variant of Wilson's disease known as asymptomatic or presymptomatic Wilson's disease. This type of disease is characterized by the presence of high levels of copper in the body, but it has no symptoms or signs and is usually detected through genetic testing.
Symptoms Of Wilson's Disease
Symptoms of Wilson's disease can vary widely, but the most common ones include fatigue, abdominal pain, jaundice, tremors, difficulty speaking, and mental changes such as anxiety, depression, and psychosis. In some cases, the first symptoms of the disease may appear in childhood or adolescence, while in others, they may not develop until adulthood.
How Wilson's Disease Is Diagnosed?
Diagnosis of Wilson's disease involves a combination of clinical assessment, blood tests to measure copper and ceruloplasmin levels, and imaging tests such as ultrasound, MRI, and CT scans. Genetic testing can also be used to confirm the diagnosis and identify specific mutations in the ATP7B gene.
Treatment
Treatment includes zinc supplements, which help to reduce the absorption of copper in the intestine. In some cases, liver transplantation may be necessary if the liver is severely damaged.
Ways To Prevent Wilson's Disease
Wilson's disease can be prevented by regular monitoring of liver function, copper levels, and neurological symptoms to prevent complications and adjust treatment as necessary. It is also important for individuals with Wilson's disease to avoid foods and supplements that are high in copper, such as shellfish, liver, and nuts can help reduce the amount of copper in the body and to follow a healthy diet and exercise regimen to support liver health. You are advised to have regular check-ups with your healthcare provider to monitor your symptoms and assess your liver and neurological function. In severe cases of liver damage or failure, a liver transplant may be necessary to restore liver function and prevent further complications.
Trilawil 333mg capsule contains the active constituent Trientine Hydrochloride. It is a copper-chelating agent that binds excess copper in the body and assists in eliminating copper from the body. The common side effects are tremors, blindness, difficulty speaking, and problems with coordination and balance.