1. Explain in detail the PoH of Solana.
Solana is an open source project that implements a fast and secure blockchain to develop decentralized applications. SOL is the official currency of the project. High scalability and low transfer times are key features. Thanks to these, it is aimed to accelerate the blockchain adaptation of the banking and finance sector. Solana's most ambitious aspect is that it is a blockchain network focused on fast transactions and high volume. The Proof of History (PoH) method, which provides high scalability, uses a special transaction sequencing method to increase transaction speed. I mean, PoH makes the protocol more scalable that increases usability.
Transactions on the Solana blockchain are provided with the SHA256 hash function. SHA256 is a verifiable delay function in Solona with detailed data to check the ledger and coordinate consensus. It provides 50,000 transactions per second thanks to the PoH method and other features unique to the Solana protocol. If we compare Solana with the block times of Bitcoin and Ethereum, we can see the difference better. Bitcoin has block times of around 10 minutes and Ethereum of 15 seconds, while Solana's time drops to 400ms. In the light of this information, we can say that the Solana blockchain is one of the fastest consensus mechanisms with its high scalability.
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2. Explain at least 2 cases of use of Solana.
There are currently 368 projects in the Solana ecosystem.
- Grape Protocol
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Grape is the protocol that provides decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs) with tools to help build and efficiently manage their token-based membership communities. Grape's first tool, Grape Access, allows DAOs to provide exclusive access to their community members. It does this based on wallet balances. In order to achieve this, it connects social accounts to cryptography keys. The $GRAPE token is both a utility for the Grape toolset and a membership token for the Great Ape - Grape community. A Grape Access verified SPL wallet is required for memberships.
I've attached Grape's data from the coinmarket below. We see its rank as 3260. Grape Network's price seems $ 0.1694. The volume in 24 hours of Grape is $ 365,480.
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Radium AcceleRaytor, which operates as Grape Network's crowdfunding platform, raised $ 600,000 through IDO. After that, Seed managed to raise $ 1.2 million after completing its financing round. As seen in the chart, Grape's price range is between $ 0.1548 and $ 0.1727. It showed an upward trend and its trade volume is $ 364,897.80. There is not any change in the last 24 hours. The first data appears on January 10, 2021. The last data is on February 10, 2021.
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- Afflarium
Aflarium is a game world that can acquire digital property, use cryptocurrencies, NFT, and virtual reality. Aflarium is an online universe with multiplayer playable on desktop and mobile. Aflarium uses the real economy by supporting games with blockchain technology. Digital assets can be bought and sold. It is possible to trade with other players.
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I entered the Afflarium site: https://afflarium.com/. All the features it contains are classified under specific headings. It offers the opportunity to buy, sell and rent various real estate. By creating a store, digital assets can be sold as well as exhibit. You can socialize with other players by holding meetings and events.
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There are two tokens in the Afflarium world. These are Afflarium Governance Token ($AFF), Afflarium economy token – stablecoins ($UCDC and $USDT). Afflarium's site states "do not buy anything marketed as $AFF tokens until an official announcement is made".
3. Detail and explain the SOLA token.
SOLA token's infrastructure is De-Fi based. Sola token uses Solana to provide fast and cheap costs.
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I took this screenshot from here
In the https://solatoken.net/ website, the data shows that circulating supply is 27,153,077 and the market cap is $1,772,430.00.
As of October 2, its value is $0.06640 tokens with a 24-hour trading volume of $70,068. The rank of Sola Token is 1806. SOLA price is up 44.0% in the last 24 hours.
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Sola token's value increased from zero 23 days ago. It has reached the present value by moving between $0.025 and $0.10.
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I added the distribution of Sola tokens in Tokenomics. The biggest share belongs to investors. The second one is liquidity providers.
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4. When did Solana Blockchain see its operations interrupted? Why? Explain.
When I read this question related to interruption in the Solana, I thought the professor asks about the interruption that occurred on 4 December 2020 which lasted 6 hours. The Mainnet Beta network halted new block confirmation (at slot 53,180,900) at 1:46 pm (UTC). This interruption is resolved at 7:46 pm (UTC) by the validators community who restarted the network according to the instructions provided by the engineering team. Although they managed to resume the network activity, it took almost 3 days for the engineering team to identify the problem. They stated the cause with these words:
“A validator booted up two instances of their machine and it started transmitting multiple different blocks for the same slot, eventually creating 3 different unconfirmed minority partitions of the network.” Reference: https://medium.com/solana-labs/mainnet-beta-stall-postmortem-ba0c6064e3
Anyway, I was surprised when I noticed this is not the only interruption on the Solana network. I also want to mention the interruption that occurred on the 14th of September 2021. Solana announced on Twitter that the Mainnet was down due to "resource exhaustion" caused a denial of service. Solana Mainnet encountered a huge number of transactions in a short time. This load of transactions that peaked 400.000 per second caused the network to start forking. And according to the statement by Solana, this forking led to excessive memory consumption followed by nodes going offline. Many developers and validators around the world worked together to solve the issue as soon as possible. Thanks to these efforts the Mainnet came online after almost 18 hours of interruption.
5. Check the last block generated in Solana and make an approximate calculation of How many blocks per second have been generated in Solana, taking into account from the initial block to the current one? Justify your answer and show screenshots.
Firstly, I entered https://explorer.solana.com/. I found detailed information on this page. On the first line, you can see the slot of the last block, which is 99,475,434.
You can see the total of 1332 transactions down the page. The successful transactions were 1127. You can see the cluster time of it. The time was Oct 3, 2021, at 02:02:11 UTC.
I clicked to see the first row process in detail.
The time was Oct 3, 2021, at 02:02:11 UTC.
1st block is in March 16, 2020 at 10:30 am. UTC. Last block is in Oct 3, 2021, at 02:02:11 UTC.
It is 567 days and 567 days means 48 988 800 seconds. If a block is produced in 0.5 seconds, 2 blocks are produced in 1 second. So we multiply the result by 2. 48 988 800 x 2 = 97977600 seconds. In other words, we can say that we found the data of the Solana close to reality since it is very close to the first block.
CC: @pelon53
I hope that everything is well with you. I keep hoping to support you. Perhaps you could write an article similar to mine describing unusual work you have performed in the past.
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