One of the fundamental aspects of genetics that’s interesting to think about is mutations. Different mutations might have some changes in the nucleotide sequences of their genomes. More detailed, they are usually classified to:
Point mutations include a single nucleotide substitution, deletion or insertion.
Insertion or deletion frameshifts refer to the adding or taking away of nucleotides changing the normal reading frame of the genetic code.
Silent mutation may change the sequence of DNA, but has no effect on the protein produced since the changed codon does not code for a different amino acid.
Missense mutation brings about incorporation of one type of amino acid that will replace another amino acid within a protein.
Nonsense mutations will create an early stop codon and therefore a short, likely non-functioning eukaryotic protein.
Also, chromosomal alterations can also be caused by (…) of ‘large’ events such as mutations including duplications, deletions, or translocations of chromosome portions. They can occur on their own or be caused by environmental agents such as radiation or chemicals, and are important in the process of evolution and variation.
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