"Lightning Arresters and Generators."

_{Hello Everyone

This is @max-pro from, #Bangladesh}

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Assalamu Alaikum friends. Wishing everyone good health. Hope you all are well. By God's grace I am fine too. Today I am here to participate in a wonderful learning competition organized by our teacher @mahadisalim. The Topic of this contest is "Lightning Arresters and Generators". So this is a very important competition where we can learn some important things. Below are some questions that I will answer correctly. So let's get started.

A. Write three basic differences between the electrical generator, motor, and transformer.

Electric generators are used to produce electricity, such as power plants or emergency generators. Electric motors are then used to drive machinery, such as fans, refrigerators, cars and factory machines. A transformer is then used to step up or step down the voltage to transmit electricity. such as grid lines or electronic devices.

There are three basic differences between electrical generators, motors and transformers in terms of working purpose;

Generator	Converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.
Motor	Converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.
Transformer	Changes the voltage level of electrical energy (high to low or low to high).

The three basic differences between electrical generators, motors and transformers as input and output are;

Generator	Takes mechanical energy as input and gives electrical energy as output.
Motor	Takes electrical energy as input and gives mechanical energy as output.
Transformer	Both input and output are electrical power, but change the voltage.

There are three fundamental differences between electrical generators, motors and transformers as essential components;

Generator	Consists of generating coil, magnet and rotating mechanical parts.
Motor	Uses rotor, stator and magnets.
Transformer	Uses only primary and secondary coils and one core.

B. Give details about lightning arresters used in the electricity sector in your country.

Lightning arrester is an important protection device in the power sector of Bangladesh which protects electrical equipment and systems from lightning or over voltage.

Working of Lightning Arrester	Source

During lightning strikes, high voltages are generated that can damage electrical lines and equipment. Lightning arresters protect the system by sending this excess voltage to ground.

Types of lightning arresters used in Bangladesh, There are mainly two types of lightning arresters used in Bangladesh.

Gap type lightning arrester : It consists of a fixed gap between two electrodes. During high voltage this gap sparks and the excess voltage goes to ground.
Gapless Lightning Arrester : This uses special components (such as metal oxide varistors) without gaps, which provide low resistance during overvoltage and return to high resistance when the voltage drops.

Place of installation	Source

Lightning arresters are usually installed near substations, transmission lines, and critical electrical equipment to protect them from lightning damage.

Maintenance :

Regular maintenance and inspection is important to ensure the effectiveness of lightning arresters. Timely detection and repair of errors is necessary to keep the system secure. Therefore, it is possible to protect the power system of Bangladesh from lightning damage through the proper use of lightning arresters, which help to ensure uninterrupted power supply.

C. What is the actual current of a three-phase 1500 KVA, 0.9 power factor generator?

To calculate the actual current of a three-phase generator, we can use the formula.

Given Data :

Apparent Power (𝑆)	= 1500 kVA
Power Factor (𝑃𝐹)	= 0.9
Assume the line-to-line Voltage (𝑉)	= 400 V (common in industrial settings)

Now, substituting the values :

Let me calculate this for you.

The actual current of the three-phase 1500 kVA, 0.9 power factor generator at 400 V is approximately 2405.63 A

If the generator is given an 80% electrical load, what will the load current be?

If the generator is given 80% electrical load, the following steps are followed to determine the load current.

First, the original current must be multiplied by 80%. The original current (I) determined earlier is 2405.63 amperes.

Load current	= Original current × 80%
Load Current	= 2405.63 × 0.8

Now let's determine this value :

Finally	Load current	= 1924.5 ampere

So, 80% of electric load load current will be 1924.5 ampere.

D. How much KVA generators should you buy for five 30-watt lights, three 70-watt fans, one 1500-watt refrigerator, and one 2000-watt air conditioner?

To determine the required capacity of the generator, the total load power (W) must be added and converted to KVA considering the power factor.

Step 1 : Calculation of total load

Five lights	5×30	= 150 W
Three fans	3×70	= 210 W
Refrigerators	=	1500 W
Air conditioners	=	2000 W

Then the total load is :-

150 +	210 +	1500 +	2000	= 3860 W

Step 2 : Convert to kVA

To get kVA we will use the following formula :-

Let the power factor (PF)	= 0.8 (commonly used).

Step 3 : Adding additional capabilities for security

Usually 20-25% extra is added to the generator capacity.

Required Generator kVA	= 4.825×1.25	= 6.03 kVA

Final Answer :- We need to buy a 6.5 KVA generator so that the load can be handled properly.

E. Practical: Make a lightning arrester to protect your home from lightning and show us step by step with pictures.

It is important to build a lightning arrester to protect our home from lightning because the excess voltage caused by lightning can damage electrical equipment (eg TV, fridge, AC). Lightning arresters protect them. If lightning strikes a house directly, it can become electrocuted, causing loss of life. Lightning arresters help avoid such hazards. Lightning can cause fire or damage to the roof or walls of the house. Lightning arresters reduce this risk by channeling the lightning's energy to the ground.

The question asked me to make it practically but I don't have the materials to make it. So I am showing it by drawing it exactly. It has every step by step drawing I mentioned.

Step - 01 :- In the beginning I collected all the materials to draw it. Then I made a long column from top to bottom on a white page.

Step - 02 :- Then you have to draw a triangle shaped box and consider it as a conductor.

Step - 03 :- After that, I will make three three-sided decorations. It is basically called lightning rod. It is planted because it can attract lightning.

Step - 04 :- Then on the top three sides I will draw like lights. Lightning will mainly strike them.

Step - 05 :- Then the bottom clamp should be drawn last. So I drew a flat plate like this. Its function is to connect the conductor and lightning rod or grounding rod.

Step - 06 :- Now draw the grounding rod inside it. It's job is to go deep into the ground so that the lightning current can safely go to the ground. Then I painted it in a few places.

Step - 07 :- Finally it is drawn and painted. I drew it myself. Then I drew something like clay under it, then it was complete.

drawing by @max-pro

Lightning is a common natural disaster in Bangladesh. Using Lightning Arrester can reduce risks by ensuring the safety of the home. Lightning can damage the electrical lines which disrupt the power supply. Lightning Arrester prevents this problem. So the Lightning Arrester is a very important factor for the protection of the house and its inhabitants. It is a long-term investment that protects against danger.

In conclusion, this is a very good competition. Here we can learn many important things. Lightning arresters can be used to protect homes from lightning damage using lightning rods, copper wires, grounding rods, insulators, clamps, and earthing pits. So it is very important for us to know this.

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So I am Inviting my lovely Steemian friends @ulfatulrahmah, @chant, @solaymann to Participate in this Competition.

Thank You So Much For Reading My Blog.