The information which an individual possesses prior to tackling a new learning task is referred to as background knowledge. This type of knowledge is important in determining the way people learn or remember new information. For instance, a student who has a solid understanding of the fundamentals of mathematics is likely to find complex areas easier to grasp.
In learning, background knowledge deepens understanding by providing a frame of reference. Connecting the new information with a background helps learners in forming mental structures which assist them in different areas of learning. This relationship is very pronounced in reading: persons with knowledge about the topic being discussed can more easily deduce the meanings of the words used.
Finally, background knowledge serves an important purpose in the learning of any subject and in critical thinking since it improves problem-solving and decision-making capabilities in any area of life
