Car batteries: A myth

Hey guys,have you had the experience where your car stereo and Air Conditioning system doesn't work properly but your vehicle is moving just fine,well don't go too far cause we are gonna solve the myth right here.

Car batteries are mainly normal batteries but bigger and do much more work such as starting the car, powering all the electrical powered devices in the car, and even supply all the needed power in Electric cars.

CONVENTIONAL CAR BATTERY

A typical Car battery is made up of the usual Lead acid battery, and a 12 volt lead acid battery consist of 6 cells and each cell consist of 2 volts of cells and each cells comprises of two thin plates:

• Lead
• Lead dioxide

The plates are enclosed in an electrolyte bath containing 65% water (H²0) and 35% sulfuric acid (H²SO⁴), this cells are connected in series and there are terminals on each end

• Positive terminal
• Negative terminal

In the acid solution,the hydrogen ions H and the sulfate ions (SO⁴)
are free to interact with the lead (Pb) and lead dioxide (PbO²) plates which causes the Hydrogen bonding with the lead dioxide which forms lead oxide (PbO) on the plate and H²O in the solution,this gives the terminal a positive charge.likewise the Sulfate ion (SO⁴) is also trying to bond with the lead (Pb) to form lead sulfate in the solution and lead (Pb) on the plate,this give the terminal a negative charge.

A circuit is then placed on the two terminals and connected to the car,and when you switch on the ignition,all the stored electrons in the battery get released. They burst out through the negative terminals, through the car(the dash lights,stereo,wiring terminals)an then get to the positive side of the battery.
This chemical reaction which is inform of Electricity would keep going on and on until there are no electrons left to be released,then the lead plate gets completely coated in lead sulfate and the Sulfuric acid is believed to be without water,then the battery has been depleted,therefore the reverse process via Electric current is being used.
But there is a procedure called descaling or reconditioning mode,this is used when the reaction won't reverse, the descaling mode uses a pulsating current to break all the Sulfate scaling which gets the battery to accept the charges again,but when the battery is done,then it's done,it has then completed then normal charge cycle for a lead acid battery.
NOTE:the battery produces gas,and if there isn't good ventilation,then it goes KAABOOM 💥💥 .
Even when there is a properly ventilated battery,the H2O is going to evaporate,which is would alter the balance of the Sulfuric acid and Water and here another kind of recharge comes in which is when you open up the battery and fill it up with water.

To make sure that the battery doesn't run out of power when in use,the ALTERNATOR comes in by producing an electricity in an Alternating Current A.C.

But to get the current into the battery, it would have to change the current from A.C to Direct Current D.C.
So,an ALTERNATOR is there to turn the cars mechanical energy from the engine into electrical energy. This limits the battery’s work to just Igniting the engine and run some of the car's accessories when the engine is off.
So when the engine is on,the alternator produces all the Electricity that car needs and also charges the battery continuously.

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HOW THE BATTERIES OF AN ELECTRIC CAR WORKS

Mainly,we really need to understand how a battery works to understand how an electric car works.
A battery isn't a device to store electricity but a device to store electrical energy in the chemicals inside the battery.

There are three main components inside the battery of an electric car.
Two terminals or nodes made of different chemicals.

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1. Anode
2. Cathode
3. An electrolyte which separate this two terminals.

The electrolyte is there to put the different chemicals in the anode and cathode together in such a way that the chemical potential can equilibrate( are at equilibrium with each other ).
During discharge of electricity,the chemicals on the anode releases electrons at the negative terminals and ions in the electrolyte, meanwhile at the positive terminal,the cathode accepts the electrons which complete the cycle for the flow of electron.This process converts stored chemical energy into usable Electrical energy.
It took awhile for the improvement of battery to generate enough energy to power an electric car,but getting enough power in a battery and the vehicle can travel sensible distance.

P.S:Electric cars batteries can't use an alternator because there is no combustion energy or enough mechanical energy to recharge the big batteries in the electric cars.

If you missed my previous post which is mainly on batteries →Mysteries Behind Batteries.